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Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Surface characteristics: (A) ATR-FTIR spectra of the samples; XPS spectra of (B) Fe 2p spectrum of IONPs; (C) Fe 2p spectrum of Ch-IONPs; (D) O 1s spectrum of IONPs; and (E) O 1s spectrum of Ch-IONPs; (F) C 1s spectra of Ch-IONPs; and (G) N 1s spectrum of Ch-IONPs.