Table 3.

Effects of BC components on some cancer types in humans and animals, both pre-clinically and clinically.

BC Components	Cancer Type	Dose	Results of the Pre-Clinical/Clinical Study	Reference
Lactoferrin	Lung cancer (12 transgenic mice)	300 mg/kg, 3 times a week	The expression of hVEGF-A165 was significantly reduced and suppressed tumor formation.	[69]
Liposomal lactoferrin	Colorectal cancer (thirty-six F344 male rats, 5-weeks-old, were used in the experiment)	1000 mg/kg/day in drinking water	Around a 43% decrease was observed in the colon tumor.	[66]
CLA	Breast cancer (24 women)	7.5 g/day in the form of capsules for 20 days	The decrease in FAS and LPL enzymes provides fatty acids for breast tumor growth.	[70,72,73]
	Rectal cancer (33 human volunteers)	3 g/day in the form of capsules for six weeks.	Significant changes occurred in TNF-α (p = 0.04), hs-CRP (p = 0.030), and MMP-9 (p = 0.040)	[71]