Figure 4.

Schematics of the different immobilization techniques. (a) Schematics of dropcasting. Evaporation of the solvent leaves a dry bR film on the ITO glass. (b) Schematics of electrophoretic sedimentation. The bR molecules move toward the ITO glass under the effect of an electric field, simultaneously forming a unified orientation at the same time. (c) Schematics of the Langmuir–Blodgett deposition. The amphiphilicity of the bR molecules leads to an oriented monolayer on the aqueous subphase, which is then transferred onto the ITO glass substrate.