Table 1.
Antioxidant activity in rocket salad samples evaluated by different in vitro methods as affected by PAW washing for different times. Data are expressed on dry matter (DM) as mean ± standard deviation (SD) of triplicate analysis.
| Sample | Time (min) | RSAABTS
(µmol TE g−1 DM) |
RSADPPH (µmol TE g−1 DM) |
FRAP (µmol Fe2+ g−1 DM) |
TPC (µmol GAE g−1 DM) |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hydrophilic Extract | Amphiphilic Extract | Amphiphilic Extract | Amphiphilic Extract | Hydrophilic Extract | Amphiphilic Extract | ||||||||
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
| UT | - | 44 b | 4 | 50 a,b,c | 6 | 29 a | 7 | 39 a,b,c | 6 | 22 b | 2 | 26 a | 5 |
| CL | - | 54 b | 4 | 42 a,b | 11 | 34.4 a,b,c | 0.8 | 53 c | 9 | 25 b | 1 | 62 c | 6 |
| PAW | 2 | 31 a | 3 | 65 c | 3 | 42 c | 1 | 32 a | 2 | 14 a | 1 | 34 a,b | 5 |
| PAW | 5 | 43 a,b | 4 | 44 a,b | 1 | 27 a | 2 | 36 a,b | 5 | 21 b | 2 | 29 a | 3 |
| PAW | 10 | 53 b | 7 | 56 b,c | 6 | 40 b,c | 2 | 45 a,b,c | 4 | 24 b | 2 | 32 a | 5 |
| PAW | 20 | 51 b | 4 | 39 a | 3 | 31 a,b | 3 | 47 b,c | 2 | 19 a,b | 3 | 46 b | 6 |
UT: untreated sample; CL: hypochlorite solution washing; PAW: sample washed in Plasma Activated Water; RSA: Radical Scavenging Activity; TE: Trolox Equivalents; FRAP: FeSO4 equivalents; TPC: Total Phenolic Content; GAE: Gallic Acid Equivalents. Data marked with the same letter within each column are not significantly different (Tukey’s HSD, p > 0.05).