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. 2022 Nov 29;14(12):2648. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122648

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Main analgesic mechanisms of herbal painkillers. Nav—voltage gated sodium channels, TRP–transient receptor potential channels, VGCC—voltage-gated calcium channels, COX-2—cyclooxygenase 2, LOX—5-lipoxygenase.