Table 4.
Risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in dogs.
| Analyzed Factor | No. of Tested | No. of Negative (%) | No. of Positive (%) | OR (95% CI) # | p-Value * |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | |||||
| <1 year | 29 | 23 (79.3) | 6 (20.7) | 0.4 (0.1–1.1) | 0.09 |
| 1–3 years | 91 | 78 (85.7) | 13 (14.3) | 0.2 (0.1–0.6) | 0.0009 |
| >3 years | 52 | 31 (69.6) | 21 (40.4) | Ref. | Ref. |
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 78 | 67 (85.9) | 11 (14.1) | Ref. | Ref. |
| Male | 94 | 65 (69.1) | 29 (30.9) | 2.7 (1.3–5.9) | 0.011 |
| Location | |||||
| Kafr Elsheikh | 50 | 41 (82) | 9 (18) | 1.2 (0.4–3.3) | 1 |
| Giza | 50 | 42 (84) | 8 (16) | Ref. | Ref. |
| Alexandria | 36 | 20 (55.6) | 16 (44.4) | 4.2 (1.5–11.4) | 0.007 |
| Luxor | 13 | 9 (69.23) | 4 (30.8) | 2.3 (0.6–9.5) | 0.249 |
| Red Sea | 23 | 20 (87) | 3 (13) | 0.8 (0.2–3.3) | 1 |
| Ownership status | |||||
| Stray | 81 | 66 (81.5) | 15 (18.5) | Ref. | Ref. |
| Companion | 55 | 46 (83.6) | 9 (16.4) | 0.9 (0.3–2.1) | 0.821 |
| Watchdog | 36 | 20 (55.6) | 16 (44.4) | 3.5 (1.5–8.4) | 0.006 |
| Breeds | |||||
| Native Baladi | 75 | 64 (85.3) | 11 (14.7) | 0.2 (0.1–0.5) | 0.0006 |
| German Shepherd | 47 | 26 (55.3) | 21 (44.7) | Ref. | Ref. |
| Others | 50 | 42 (84) | 8 (16) | 0.2 (0.1–0.6) | 0.0035 |
# Odds ratio at 95% confidence interval as calculated by http://vassarstats.net/ (access time, 15–17 April 2022). * p value was evaluated by Fisher’s exact probability test (two-tailed). Ref.; value used as a reference.