Table 2.

Summary of various cyclodextrin polymer-coated curcumin studies.

CD Type	Material Classification	Preparation Method	Characterization Techniques	Key Findings	Reference
α-CD	Self-assembled supramolecular network	-	XRD, FTIR, 1H NMR	The slow release of CUR is achieved by complexing with α-CD and further forming a hydrogel.	[73]
β-CD	Self-assembled supramolecular network	-	TEM, AFM, DLS, 1H NMR and 2D NOESY NMR	Tunable CD supramolecular self-assembled carriers were successfully constructed for the controlled release of drugs.	[63]
β-CD	Self-assembled supramolecular network	-	SEM, AFM, FTIR, XRD, UV-Vis and NMR	Amphiphilic vesicle molecules of CUR/CD were prepared for the controlled release of CUR.	[62]
β-CD	Crosslinked CD polymer	-	XRD, FTIR, DSC and UV-Vis	CUR/β-CD polymer has higher anti-proliferative activity against A375 cells compared to free CUR.	[65]
β-CD	Crosslinked CD polymer	Freeze-drying	UV-Vis, FTIR, 1H NMR	Epichlorohydrin and citric acid cross-linked β-CD polymers were prepared for the encapsulation of CUR.	[74]
β-CD	Crosslinked CD polymer	-	-	Elucidating the molecular mechanisms by which CUR/β-CD polymers inhibit the growth of HepG2 cells.	[75]
β-CD	Crosslinked CD polymer	Freeze-drying	DLS, 1H NMR and 2D NOESY NMR	A water-soluble ‘two-in-one’ polymer containing covalently bonded polyethylene glycol and βCD groups has been prepared for the encapsulation of CUR.	[66]
β-CD	Crosslinked CD polymer	-	SEM, Raman spectroscopy and DLS	Encapsulation in CDNS greatly extends the long-term photostability and anti-cancer activity of curcumin.	[20]
β-CD	Crosslinked CD polymer	-	-	CUR/CD polymers have potential in the prevention of liver injury.	[76]
β-CD	Crosslinked CD polymer	Kneading	FTIR, 1H NMR, TGA and UV-Vis	CUR-β-CD polymers effectively inhibited the growth of HepG2 cells, while having little effect on non-tumor cells.	[77]
β-CD	Crosslinked CD polymer (NS)	Freeze-drying	DLS, FTIR, XRD and DSC	CUR/β-CDNS prepared with dimethyl carbonate crosslinker for the encapsulation of CUR.	[78]
β-CD	Crosslinked CD polymer (NS)	Co-evaporation	DSC, TGA, FTIR, XRD, NMR. SEM and AFM	PMDA cross-linking may be a better method to obtain nano-sponges.	[68]
β-CD	Crosslinked CD polymer (NS)	Co-evaporation, Freeze-drying	XRD, FTIR, TGA, DSC and UV-Vis	The ratio of crosslinker can influence the performance of CDNS and CDNS with a proper cross-linker ratio as a promising nanocarrier.	[79]
β-CD	Crosslinked CD polymer (NS)	Co-evaporation	SEM and UV-Vis	CUR/CDNS has a stronger in vitro release than free CUR.	[80]
β-CD	Crosslinked CD polymer (NS)	Freeze-drying	FTIR, TGA, XRD, DSC and SEM	CUR/CDNS prepared with phthalic anhydride as a cross-linking agent can be used in cancer therapy.	[69]
β-CD	Crosslinked CD polymer (NS)	Freeze-drying	XRD, DSC, FTIR and SEM	Compared to the CUR-β-CD complex, CUR in cross-linked β-CDNS resulted in a more significant enhancement in drug solubility and increased the complexation stability.	[67]
β-CD	Crosslinked CD triazine polymer	Freeze-drying	FTIR and 1H NMR	CD polymer-coated CUR is more cytotoxic to cancer cells than free CUR.	[29]
γ-CD	Crosslinked CD polymer	Co-evaporation, Freeze-drying	IR, UV-Vis and 1H NMR	γ-CD polymer complexation is a promising method for improving the water solubility of CUR.	[81]
γ-CD	Diamine linked CD dimers	-	UV-Vis and 1H NMR	Diamine-linked γ-CD dimers can be used as novel carriers for encapsulating CUR.	[70]