TABLE 6.

Cognitive science and psychology

Name/focus	Description	Results/findings	References
Iterated learning model (ILM) for language	A computational model of the transmission of linguistic behavior over time that does not explicitly implement natural selection.	Evolution of language was observed driven only by “general pressures” of language transmission.	(Kirby, 2001)
Language evolution	A framework for studying iterated learning with rational Bayesian agents.	Suggests a formal connection between how language can be acquired and the structure of languages spoken.	(Griffiths & Kalish, 2007)
Marriage and divorce annealing model (MADAM)	An ABM is based on homophilic trait matching in which individuals search for mates similar to themselves but relax these expectations as they age.	Increasing population heterogeneity and reducing the rate of relaxing expectations can both increase the average age of the first marriage.	(Hills & Todd, 2008)
Social identity dynamics	An agent‐based model in which agents adopt a social group based on an optimal group size preference.	The assumptions of optimal distinctiveness theory do not lead to individually satisfactory outcomes when all individuals share the same social environment. The effectiveness of a social identity decision strategy depends on the sociospatial structure.	(Smaldino et al., 2012)
Memory transmission	An ABM is grounded in psychological theory to investigate the transmission of information within large groups.	Agents are influenced not only by neighbors but also by more distant agents, suggesting a link between the transmission of behavior and information.	(Luhmann & Rajaram, 2015)
Origins of language learning	A comparison between two models of language learning: linguistic nativism versus social learning.	Authors claim that based on their experiments the strong nativism hypothesis for language is false.	(Thompson et al., 2016)
Cultural group selection	An ABM was developed in which “cooperative” cultural traits were only selected due to the beneficial effects.	Authors suggest that hypothesis‐based ABMs offer a useful source of alternative theories for cultural group selection.	(Singh et al., 2016)
Multi‐person conversation	An ABM to study multi‐person conversation.	Explanation of why members of minority or marginalized groups talk less; this is more pronounced in larger groups; despite talking less, they are perceived to talk more; they are more likely to be interrupted.	(Marghetis et al., 2018)
Social approach to rule dynamics	An ABM to understand the rules and exceptions function from a sociolinguistic perspective.	New learners play an important role in shaping the dynamics of rule systems in language, and large‐scale social shifts in a population such as growth and turnover play an important role.	(Cuskley et al., 2018)
Incentives for priority of discovery	An evolutionary agent‐based model of a competitive scientific process.	Rewarding the priority of discovery causes populations to culturally evolve towards lower quality research. Reforms such as registered reports or pre‐registration may result in improved research quality.	(Tiokhin et al., 2021)