TABLE 1.

DSM‐5 withdrawal symptoms across different addictive agents

Addictive agent	Alcohol	Caffeine	Cannabis	Opioids	Sedatives, hypnotics, anxiolytics	Stimulants	Tobacco	Gambling
Insomnia	X		X	X	X	X	X
Anxiety	X		X		X		X
Depressed or dysphoric mood		X	X	X			X
Irritability		X	X				X	X
Nausea or vomiting	X	X		X	X
Autonomic hyperactivity (sweating or elevated heart rate)	X		X	X	X
Tremor	X		X		X
Psychomotor agitation	X				X	X
Restlessness			X				X	X
Headache		X	X
Fatigue or drowsiness		X				X
Increased appetite						X	X
Fever			X	X
Difficulty concentrating		X					X
Muscle pain/stiffness		X		X
Seizures	X				X
Transient hallucinations/illusions	X				X
Hypersomnia						X
Vivid, unpleasant dreams						X
Psychomotor retardation						X
Abdominal pain			X
Decreased appetite or weight loss			X
Chills			X
Diarrhea				X
Yawning, lacrimation, rhinorrhea, piloerection, pupillary dilation				X

Note: Rows are shaded according to the number of substances for which a given symptom is listed as a withdrawal symptom; darker rows indicate more crosscutting symptoms.