Table 1.

The table represents different fabrication methods, in addition to describing the process, main advantage, and negative aspects. All information was taken from the following references [8,59,60].

Method	Main Idea	Main Advantage	Negative Aspects
1-Nanoprecipitation method	The nanoprecipitation method produces lipid-polymer particles with a high yield of less than 100 nanometers.	Nanoparticles with a higher production rate and better size homogeneity.	Organic solvents have the potential to damage biomolecules (protein nuclei acids).
2-Microfluidic method	This method can control immiscible liquids in small quantities in a precise capillary network with microscale fluid channels.	Small size distribution (lower PDI), higher encapsulation and loading efficiencies, improved batch-to-batch uniformity, and simple scale-up possibilities all contribute to cost-effective nanocarrier development.	The yield Is relatively poor.
3-One-step method	This approach uses covalent conjugation to combine various lipid and polymer precursors.	Cost-effectiveness, scalability, and a traditional method of preparation.	Instability of biomacromolecules.
4-Two-step method	Monolayer, bilayer, and multilayer shells are usually made with it. Cationic lipid vesicles are coupled with anionic polymeric nanoparticles using electrostatic interactions in this process.	Nanoparticles produced easily cross the membrane barrier and circulate in the bloodstream, allowing them to deliver drugs for long periods of time.	Separate preparation of polymeric nanoparticles and lipid vesicles, which takes a long time and consumes a lot of resources.
5-Spray-drying method	Polymers are used to make nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 400 to 500 nm, which are then dispersed in an organic solvent containing various lipids. To complete the product, the lipoidal polymeric suspension is spray dried.	Fast and effective. Ideally suited to commercial scale-up. Protein parameters that are more appropriate.	Small lots with a moderate yield.