Table 1.
Studies focused on the association of BC and HPV published since 2010 (FFPE tissue samples).
| Study | Method | No. of Histological Samples | HPV Positivity | HPV Types Detected |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aguayo et al., 2011 [34] | PCR, Inno-Lipa-HPV 16 | BC: 55 | 8.7% | 16 |
| Frega et al., 2011 [35] | PCR, INNO-LiPA | BC: 31 Benign lesions: 12 |
29% 0% |
16, 6 |
| Herrera-Goepfert et al., 2011 [36] | PCR, INNO-LiPA | BC: 69 | 24% | 16 |
| Silva et al., 2011 [37] | PCR–HPV 6, 11, 16, 18 | BC: 79 | No positive results | n.a. |
| Baltzell et al., 2012 [38] | IS-PCR, IHC–12 hrHPVs | BC: 70 | 2.9 % (IS-PCR) 5.7 % (ISH) |
16 |
| Herrera-Romano et al., 2012 [39] | PCR | BC: 118 nipple lesions: 2 |
No positive results | n.a. |
| Sigaroodi et al., 2012 [40] | PCR | BC: 79 Benign lesions: 51 |
25.9% 2.4% |
16, 18, 23, 6, 11, 15, 124 |
| Eslamifar et al., 2015 [41] | PCR | BC: 100 Healthy controls: 50 |
No positive results | n.a. |
| Fu et al., 2015 [42] | PCR and ISH–HPV 58, HPV 58 E7 DNA | BC: 169 Benign lesions: 83 |
PCR/ISH–14.79%/10.06% PCR/ISH–1.2%/1.2% |
58 |
| Lawson et al., 2015 [43] | IS-PCR, NGS | BC: 855 | 3.5% (lrHPV) 2.3% (hrHPV) |
18, 16, 52, 113 |
| Li et al., 2015 [44] | PCR–HPV 16, 18 HPV 16 E6, E7 HPV 18 E6, E7 |
BC: 187 Adjacent tissue: 187 Benign lesions: 92 |
1.6% 0% 0% |
16, 18 |
| Ngan et al., 2015 [45] | HPV E7 IHC, PCR | sets of benign and subsequent BC specimens: 32 healthy controls: 20 |
72% (benign specimens) 62.5% (subsequent BC) 10% |
16, 18, 45, 58 |
| Vernet-Tomas 2015 [46] | PCR, DEIA 54 mucosal HPV types |
BC: 76 Benign lesions: 2 |
No positive results | n.a. |
| Chen et al., 2016 [47] | PCR-HPV 16, 18 oncogens E6, E7 | BC: 76 | 23.68% for HPV18 E7 6.58% for HPV18 E6 all samples negative for HPV16 E6/E7 |
18 |
| Choi et al., 2016 [48] | PCR-28 hrHPVs and lrHPVs | BC: 123 Intraductal papillomas: 9 Nipple tissues: 13 |
17.9% 22.2% 0 % |
51, 53, 40 |
| Doosti et al., 2016 [49] | PCR | BC: 87 benign lesions: 84 |
22.9% 0% |
16, 18, 6, 11 |
| Ilahi et al., 2016 [50] | PCR–HPV 16 and 18 | BC: 46 | 17.3% | 16 |
| Karimi et al., 2016 [51] | PCR–HPV 16, 18, 31, 33 | BC: 70 benign lesions: 70 |
2.6% 0% |
18 |
| Wang et al.,2016 [52] | ISH for HPV DNA and mRNA (HPV 16,18,58) | BC: 146 Benign lesions: 83 |
35.6% 3.6% |
16, 18, 58 |
| Bakhtiyrizadeh et al., 2017 [53] | PCR | BC: 150 Benign lesions: 150 |
No positive results | n.a. |
| Delgado- Garcìa et al., 2017 [7] | PCR | BC: 251 Benign lesions: 186 |
51.8% 26.3% |
16, 51, 89 as the most prevalent |
| Naushad et al., 2017 [54] | PCR | BC: 250 Benign tissue: 15 |
18,1% n.a. |
n.a. |
| Rezaei et al., 2017 [55] | PCR, ARMS-PCR -HPV 16, 18, 31, 11, 33, 35 |
BC (familial): 38 BC (non-familial): 46 |
44.73% 26.08% |
16, 18, 11 as the most prevalent |
| Bønløkke et al., 2018 [56] | SPF10 PCR-DEIA-LiPA25 assay–25 hrHPV and lrHPV | BC with prior dysplasia: 93 BC without prior dysplasia: 100 |
2.1% 1.0% |
16, 56 |
| Cavalcante et al., 2018 [57] | PCR–11 HPV types | BC: 103 Healthy tissue: 90 |
49.5% 15.8% |
6, 11, 18, 31, 33, 52 |
| De Carolis et al., 2018 [26] | PCR–16 HPV types | Intraductal papilloma: 10 DCIS: 9 BC: 10 |
40% 11.1% 30% |
16, 18, 33, 51, 53 |
| Ghaffari et al., 2018 [58] | PCR, microarray–35 hrHPV and lrHPV types | BC:72 | 5.52% | n.a. |
| Habyarimana et al., 2018 [59] | PCR | BC: 47 | 46.8% | 16, 33, 31 as the most prevalent |
| Malekpour Afshar et al., 2018 [60] | PCR, INNO-LiPA | BC: 98 Benign lesions: 40 |
8.2% No positive results |
16, 18 as the most prevalent |
| Balci et al., 2019 [61] | PCR | BC: 18 Breast papillomas: 27 |
44.4% 29.6% |
11, 39 as the most prevalent |
| De Carolis et al., 2019 [30] | CISH (HPV 16,18), PCR (16 HPV types), NGS | BC: 273 | 30.4% | 16, 18 as the most prevalent |
| Biesaga et al., 2021 [62] | PCR-21 HPV types | BC: 383 | 4.4% | 16 |
| Boumba et al., 2021 [63] | PCR–14 hrHPV types | BC:40 | 15% | 16 as the most prevalent |
| Elagali et al., 2021 [64] | PCR | BC: 150 | 8.7% | 16, 58, 18, 11 |
| Gebregzabher et al., 2021 [65] | PCR–19 hrHPVs, 9 lr HPVs | BC: 75 | 2.7% | 16, 6 |
| Golrokh Mofrad et al., 2021 [66] | PCR | BC: 59 Benign lesions: 11 |
11.8% No positive results |
18, 6 |
| Guo et al., 2021 [67] | CISH–HPV 6, 11, 18, 18 | BC: 90 Intraductal papillomas: 33 Healthy tissue: 33 |
21.1% (HPV 6,11), 43.3% (HPV 16, 18) 3.0% (HPV 6,11), 18.8% (HPV 16, 18) 0% (HPV 6, 11), 9.1% (HPV 16, 18) |
16, 18, 6, 11 |
| Gupta et al., 2021 [68] | PCR–14 hrHPV types | TNBC: 70 Healthy tissues: 14 |
53% 37.5% |
52, 45, 31, 58, 68 |
| Metwally et al., 2021 [69] | PCR | BC:40 | 17.5% | n.a. |
| Nagi et al., 2021 [70] | PCR–14 hrHPV types, TMA | BC: 102 Healthy tissue: 14 |
65% 35.6% |
52, 35, 58, 45, 16 and 51 as the most prevalent |
| Alinezhadi et al., 2022 [71] | PCR | BC: 63 Benign lesions: 32 |
17.89% 28.12% |
11, 16, 31, 33 |
| De Oliveira et al., 2022 [32] | PCR | BC: 75 | 0% | n.a. |
| Gupta et al., 2022 [72] | PCR–11 hrHPV types | BC:74 | 65% | n.a. |
| Maldonado-Rodriguèz et al., 2022 [73] | PCR–32 hrHPV and lrHPV types | BC: 59 Benign lesions: 46 Healthy tissue: 11 |
20.3% 34.8% 27.3% |
42, 31, 59 as the most prevalent |
HPV, Human Papillomavirus; hrHPV, high-risk Human Papillomavirus; lrHPV, low-risk Human Papillomavirus; BC, Breast Cancer; TNBC, Triple Negative Breast Cancer; DCIS, Ductal Carcinoma In Situ; PCR, Polymerase Chain Reaction; IHC, Immunohistochemistry; FFPE, Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded; CISH, Chromogenic In Situ Hybdridization; NGS, Next Generation Sequencing; ARMS–Amplification-Refractory Mutation System; DEIA, DNA Enzyme Immunoassay; IS-PCR, In Situ Polymerase Chain Reaction; mRNA, mediator Ribonucleic Acid; n.a., not applicable/not available.