Table 2.
Studies focused on the association of BC and HPV published since 2010 (fresh-frozen tissue samples).
| Study | Method | No. of Histological Samples | HPV Positivity | HPV Types Detected |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hachana et al., 2010 [74] | PCR, ISH–HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 6, 11 | BC: 123 | No positive results | n.a. |
| Antonsson et al., 2011 [75] | PCR–16 hrHPV types |
BC: 54 Healthy controls: 4 |
50% 25% |
18 |
| Hedau et al., 2011 [76] | PCR-HPV 16,18 | BC: 228 | No positive results | n.a. |
| Mou et al., 2011 [77] | PCR–21 hrHPV and lrHPV types | BC: 62 Benign lesions: 46 |
6,5% No positive results |
16, 18 |
| Herrera- Romano et al., 2012 [39] | PCR | BC: 10 | No positive results | n.a. |
| Fernandes et al., 2015 [78] | PCR, INNO-LiPA-28 HPV types | BC: 24 | 41.7% | 51, 33, 18, 6, 11 |
| Gannon et al. 2015 [79] | PCR, NGS | BC: 80 Benign lesions:10 |
16% 10% |
16, 18 |
| Zhou et al., 2015 [80] | PCR | BC/DCIS: 77 Adjacent tissue: 77 |
No positive results | n.a. |
| Islam et al., 2017 [81] | PCR–HPV 16, 18, 33 | BC (prior NACT): 272 BC (after NACT): 41 Adjacent normal tissues: 21 Benign lesions: 17 |
63.9% 71.0% 9.5% 47.1% |
16, 18, 33 |
| Ngamkham et al., 2017 [82] | PCR–14 hrHPV and 22 lrHPV types | BC: 350 Benign lesions: 350 |
4.3% 2.9% |
16, 33, 18, 35, 52 |
| Salman et al., 2017 [83] | PCR-12 hrHPV types | BC:74 Benign lesions:36 |
47% 31% |
39, 18, 45 as the most prevalent |
| Wang et al., 2017 [84] | HC2–13 hrHPV types | BC:81 | 17.3% | n.a. |
| ElAmrani et al., 2018 [85] | PCR–62 lrHPV and hrHPV types | BC: 76 Benign lesions: 12 |
25% 8.3% |
51, 52, 58, 59, 66 as the most prevalent |
| Kouloura et al., 2018 [86] | Microarray | BC: 201 Adjacent healthy tissue: 201 |
No positive results | n.a. |
| Khodabandehlou et al., 2019 [87] | PCR | BC: 72 Healthy tissue: 31 |
48.6% 16.1% |
16, 18, 33, 6, 11 |
| Sher et al., 2020 [88] | PCR–12 hrHPV types | BC:50 Benign lesions: 100 |
10% 8% |
16, 35, 58 |
| Charostad et al., 2021 [89] | PCR | BC:36 Adjacent healthy tissue: 36 |
33.3% 5.5% |
16, 18, 31, 6 |
| El-Sheikh et al., 2021 [90] | PCR–HPV 16, 18, 31 | BC: 72 Benign lesions: 15 |
22.2% No positive results |
16, 18 |
| Metwally et al., 2021 [69] | PCR | BC (fresh tissue): 40 | 50% | n.a. |
| Calderon et al., 2022 [91] | PCR | BC: 447 Benign lesions: 79 |
2.9% 1.3% |
16, 18 |
HPV, Human Papillomavirus; hrHPV, high-risk Human Papillomavirus; lrHPV, low-risk Human Papillomavirus; BC, Breast Cancer; DCIS, Ductal Carcinoma In Situ; PCR, Polymerase Chain Reaction; IHC, Immunohistochemistry; NGS, Next Generation Sequencing; n.a., not applicable/not available; NACT, neoadjuvant chemotherapy.