TABLE 4.
Overview of the mind–body interventions and their aspects. In bold at the top, the range of the patient preference sensitive attributes is summarised
| Author/year | Name | Type of intervention | Duration | Intensity | Intensity of usage | HCP contact | (A)synchronous contact | Type of study | #participants [started (finished)] | Relation to treatment | Primary/secondary outcome | Questionnaire | Study results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Range of patient preference sensitive items | 4–12 weeks, outlier of 20 weeks | Daily practice of exercises | 2/7 with HCP contact | Both have synchronous contact | 2× during—4× after—1× both | 4/7 with significant improvement | |||||||
| (Subnis et al., 2020) | Am mindfulness—AmDTx | MBCR | 4 weeks | 20–30 min/day, min. 4 days/week | — | No | — | Protocol for RCT | Needed: 54; goal: 74 | After treatment, min. 2 weeks | Secondary | PROMIS—Cancer bank v1.0—fatigue | Ongoing |
| (Price‐Blackshear et al., 2020) | C‐MBI/I‐MBI | MBRE and MBSR | 8 weeks | 1 h/week video and at own pace 10/20/30 min guided meditations. | Self‐reported: 77% watched all sessions, 90% used supplemental meditations, 91% completed some to all homework assignments | No | — | RCT (Phase I) | 117 (73) | After treatment, 1–6 years post‐diagnosis | Secondary | PROMIS 29—fatigue domain | F(1,148) = 17.56 (p < 0.001)* |
| (Zernicke et al., 2014, 2013, 2016) | eCALM | MBCR | 8 weeks | Daily home practice (45 min) weekly 2‐h sessions, online 6‐h weekend retreat | 6 ± 3 of 9 classes were attended, home mediation was done for 134 min per week | Instructor conducted weekly 2‐h sessions | Synchronous | RCT | 62 (57) | After treatment, max. 3 years | — | POMS—Fatigue | ES: 0.44, F(1,113) = 3.95 (p = 0.049)* |
| Pre‐post analysis of both RCT groups | 62 (51) | F(1,48.24) = 23.97 (p < 0.001)* | |||||||||||
| (Kubo et al., 2018) | Headspace | Mindfulness | 8 weeks | 10–20 min/day | 71% practiced meditation for >50% of the days. After intervention, 64% mediated at least once. | No | — | Pilot feasibility study | 28 (19) | During treatment | — | BFI | Change −0.3 ± 0.8 (p > 0.05) |
| (Mikolasek et al., 2018, 2021) | Mindfulness and relaxation app | Mind–body medicine | 20 weeks | 15 min/exercise, at own pace, but daily use (5 days/week) advised). | 25% used app continuously (once per week). Median exercises completed, for all users: 2 in week 1, 0 in week 9; for continuous users: 6 in week 1, 3–5 in other weeks | No | — | Feasibility study, mixed methods approach | 100 (72) | Both during and after treatment | — | PROMIS 29—fatigue domain | ES = −0.38, 95% CI [−0.69, −0.07]. Significant decrease in fatigue over time (p = 0.01)* |
| (Lengacher et al., 2018) | mMBSR (BC) | MBSR | 6 weeks | Practice: 15–45 min/days session: 2 h/week | Average of 36 min/day | No | — | Single‐group pre‐post test design | 15 (13) | After treatment, 2 weeks–2 years | — | FSI | ES fatigue symptom = 0.60, 95% CI [−0.16, 1.35] (p = 0.002). ES fatigue interference = 0.47, 95% CI [−0.28, 1.22] (p = 0.03)* |
| (Carlson et al., 2019) | ONE‐MIND | MBCR | 12 weeks | Practice: 30–45 min/day, real‐time session: 55 min/week. | — | Instructor guided weekly 55‐min session | Synchronous | Protocol for RCT | Goal: 178 | During treatment | Primary | FACIT‐F | Ongoing |
Abbreviations: BFI, Brief Fatigue Inventory; CI, confidence interval; FACIT‐F, Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy—Fatigue; FSI: Fatigue Symptom Inventory; HCP contact, contact with healthcare professional; MBCR, Mindfulness‐based Cancer Recovery; MBRE, Mindfulness‐based Relationship Enhancement; MBSR, Mindfulness‐based Stress Reduction; POMS, profile of mood states; PROMIS, Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System; RCT, randomised controlled trial.
*
Significant improvement.