Figure 9.

Real-time PCR quantification of gene expression in isolated islet cells. The mice were injected with ricin 30 µg/kg and 5 mice were sacrificed at each of the indicated timepoints. Each dot represents an individual mouse. Pancreatic islets were isolated and RNA was extracted. qRT PCR was performed, two replicates were run for each mouse and the mean cycle threshold was determined. ΔCt was calculated by subtracting the cycle threshold of the baseline gene, GADPH, from the cycle threshold of the specified gene. Pink indicates genes involved in glucose regulation, blue endocrine differentiation and green cell cycle regulation. CDK: cyclin-dependent kinase, INSM1: insulinoma-associated antigen-1, GLUT: glucose transporter. The Kruskal–Wallis test was performed and the red asterisks above the groups show the results of Dunn’s multiple comparison test vs. the control group: 0.05 (*), 0.002 (**), and <0.001 (***).