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. 2022 Dec 13;11(24):3502. doi: 10.3390/plants11243502

Figure 10.

Figure 10

Late Glacial and Holocene temperature, moisture, sea-level changes and human settlement in the Caribbean region. (1) Sea Surface Temperature (SST) reconstruction from core PL07-39PC (Cariaco Basin, Venezuela) [95]; (2) High-resolution record of the last two millennia from core PL07-72GGC (Cariaco Basin, Venezuela) [96], vertical axis as in (1); (3) Land temperature reconstruction from Lake Petén Itzá (Guatemala) [80]; (4) Titanium (Ti) concentration as a proxy for continental moisture (river discharge) in core ODP-1002 (Cariaco Basin, Venezuela) [97]; (5) Ostracod oxygen isotope ratio from Lake Miragoane (Haiti) as a moisture proxy (the same ITCZ dynamics apply) [98]; (6) Sea-level trends, as deduced from almost 500 sites widespread across the Caribbean region (yellow dots in the reference map) [99]. B/A, Bølling/Allerød; Cr, Ceramic culture; EHW, Early Holocene Warming; Eu, Europeans; FP cultures, Fishtailed-Point cultures; G Antilles, Greater Antilles; Hs, Historical; HTM, Holocene Thermal Maximum; ITCZ, Intertropical Convergence Zone; LIA, Little Ice Age; MCA, Medieval Climate Anomaly; YD, Younger Dryas.