Table 1.
Bioactive peptides and hydrolysates from marine processing by-products with potential antioxidant activity.
| Source | Enzymatic Hydrolysis | Organ | Sequence | Assay | Activity | Size | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alaska pollack (Gadus chalcogrammus) | Alcalase, Pronase E, and collagenase | Skin | - | TBA, in vitro | - | - | [155] |
| Hoki (Johnius belengerii) | Trypsin | Skin | His-Gly-Pro-Leu-Gly-Pro-Leu | DPPH, carbon-centered, superoxide radicals, linoleic acid peroxide | - | 797.00 Da | [148] |
| Croceine croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) | Pepsin and Trypsin | Skin | Gly-Phe-Arg-Gly-Thr-Ile-Gly-Leu-Val-Gly | DPPH | IC50: 1.271 mg/mL | 976.55 Da | [149] |
| Superoxide radical | IC50: 0.463 mg/mL | ||||||
| ABTS radical | IC50: 0.421 mg/mL | ||||||
| Gly-Pro-Ala-Gly-Pro-Ala-Gly | DPPH | IC50: 0.675 mg/mL | 526.24 Da | [149] | |||
| Superoxide radical | IC50: 0.099 mg/mL | ||||||
| ABTS radical | IC50: 0.309 mg/mL | ||||||
| Gly-Phe-Pro-Ser-Gly | DPPH | IC50: 0.283 mg/mL | 463.41 Da | [149] | |||
| Superoxide radical | 0.151 mg/mL | ||||||
| ABTS | IC50: 0.210 mg/mL | ||||||
| Pepsin | Frame | Glu-Ser-Thr-Val-Pro-Glu-Arg-Thr-His-Pro-Ala-Cys-Pro-Asp-Phe-Asn | DPPH | IC50: 41.37 µM | 1801.00 Da | [156] | |
| Hydroxyl radical | IC50: 17.77 µM | ||||||
| Peroxyl radical | IC50: 18.99 µM | ||||||
| Superoxide radical | IC50: 172.10 µM | ||||||
| Japanese flounder (Palatichtys olivaceus) | Pepsin | Skin | Gly-Gly-Phe-Asp-Met-Gly | In vitro, macromolecules damage | - | 582.00 Da | [147] |
| Speckled shrimp (Metapenaeus monoceros) | Crude protease from Bacillus cereus | Shells | Protein hydrolysates | DPPH, reducing power, β-carotene | - | - | [157] |
| Spotless smoothhound (Mustelus griseus) | Trypsin | Cartilage | Gly-Ala-Glu-Arg-Pro | DPPH | EC50: 3.73, mg/mL | 528.57 Da | [158] |
| Hydroxyl radical | EC50: 0.25 mg/mL | ||||||
| ABTS | EC50: 0.10 mg/mL | ||||||
| Superoxide radical | EC50: 0.09 mg/mL | ||||||
| Gly-GluArg-Glu-Ala-Asn-Val-Met | DPPH | EC50: 1.87 mg/mL | 905.00 Da | [158] | |||
| Hydroxyl radical | EC50: 0.34 mg/mL | ||||||
| ABTS | EC50: 0.05 mg/mL | ||||||
| Superoxide radical | EC50: 0.33 mg/mL | ||||||
| Ala-Glu-Val-Gly | DPPH | EC50: 2.30 mg/mL | 374.40 Da | [158] | |||
| Hydroxyl radical | EC50: 0.06 mg/mL | ||||||
| ABTS | EC50: 0.07 mg/mL | ||||||
| Superoxide radical | EC50: 0.18 mg/mL | ||||||
| Horse mackerel (Magalaspis cordyla) | Combination (pepsin, trypsin and α-chymotrypsin) | Viscera | Ala–Cys–Phe–Leu | DPPH | 89.2% (treatment at 0.2 mg/mL) | 518.50 Da | [159] |
| - | Hydroxyl radical | 59.1% (treatment at 0.2 mg/mL) | - | ||||
| Bigeye snapper (Priacanthus macracanthus) | Alcalase, neutrase, pyloric caeca extract | Skin | - | DPPH, ABTS, FRAP | - | - | [160] |
| Brownstripe red snapper (Lutjanus vitta) | Pyloric caeca extract | Skin | - | DPPH, ABTS, FRAP | - | - | [161] |
| Yellowfin sole (Limanda aspera) | Pepsin | Frame | Arg-Pro-Asp-Phe-Asp-Leu-Glu-Pro-Pro-Tyr | Linoleic acid model | - | 13.00 kDa | [162] |
| Tuna | Pepsin | Backbone | Val-Lys-Ala-Gly-Phe-Ala-Trp-Thr-Ala-Asn-Gln-Gln-Leu-Ser | DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide | - | 1519.00 Da | [163] |
| Yellowtail fish (Seriola lalandi) | Protease | Scales and bone | Hydrolysates | DPPH, ABTS, reducing power, and Cu2+ and Fe2+ chelating activity | - | - | [164] |
| Horned turban sea snail (Turbo cornutus) | Protamex | Viscera | Thr-Asp-Ala | H2O2 radical, MPO inhibition | IC50: 646.0 ± 45.0 µM | - | [165] |
| Phe-Ala-Pro-Gln-Tyr | H2O2 radical | IC50: 57.1 ± 17.7 µM | - | [165] | |||
| Mackerel | Alcalase | Waste | - | - | - | - | [166] |
| Atlantic horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) | Alcalase | Head, Skin, and Bone, Waste meat | - | DPPH, reducing power and Cu2+ chelating activity | - | - | [167] |