TABLE 4.
Vitrification of buffalo embryos using various protocols and devices
| Embryo source | Stage of embryos | Equilibration solution | Vitrification solution | Devices | Survival rate | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IVF |
Morula Early BL BL Expanded BL |
10% EG 2 min | 40% EG + 18% Ficoll 1 min | Straw |
Morula 91% Early BL 80% BL 75%, Expanded BL 90% |
Hufana‐Duran et al., 2004 |
| SCNT | BL | 10% EG + 10% DMSO 2 min | 20% EG + 20% DMSO 30 s | Cryotop | 87%–89% | Laowtammathron et al., 2005 |
| IVF | BL | 10% EG + 10% DMSO 4 min | 25% EG + 25% DMSO 45 s | Straw |
SH‐derived oocytes 40% OPU‐derived oocytes 53% |
Manjunatha, Ravindra, et al., 2008 |
| IVF | Morula | a.10% EG | a.40% EG | Straw |
2 and 4 min in group c yielded reasonable results Mor. 46%–51% BL. 68%–72% |
Manjunatha, Gupta, et al., 2009 |
| BL |
b.10% GLY + 10% EG c.10% EG + 10% DMSO 2, 4, 6 min |
b.25% GLY + 25% EG c.25% EG + 25% DMSO 45 s |
||||
| IVF |
Morula BL |
10% EG + 10% DMSO 4 min | 25% EG + 25% DMSO 45 s | Straw |
Mor. 45% w/o CB 53% w/CB BL. 66% w/o CB 75% w/CB |
Manjunatha, Ravindra, et al., 2009 |
| SCNT | BL | 7.5% EG + 7.5% DMSO 1 min | 15% EG + 15% DMSO 30 s | Straw | Conception rate: 11%–25% | Saha et al., 2013 |
| SCNT | BL | 8.5% EG + 8.5% DMSO 5 min | 16% EG + 16% DMSO 35–40 s | OPS | 71% | Sirisha et al., 2013 |
| SCNT | BL | 8.5% EG + 8.5% DMSO 5 min | 16% EG + 16% DMSO 35–40 s | OPS |
Domestic buffalo as donor: 50% Wild buffalo as donor: 38% |
Priya et al., 2014 |
| IVF | Morula |
4% EG 15 min |
35% EG + 0.5 M sucrose + 0.5% PVP 45 s. | SSV |
Compact morula 59.0 ± 1.94, blastocyst 32.0 ± 1.10 |
Rahangdale et al., 2021 |
| 7.5% EG + 7.5% DMSO 4 min | 15% EG + 15% DMSO+ 0.5 M sucrose 45 s | SSV |
Compact morula 49.0 ± 1.63, Blastocyst 29.0 ± 1.63 |
Abbreviations: BL, blastocysts; CB, cytochalasin B; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; EG, ethylene glycol; GLY, glycerol; OPS, open‐pulled straw; OPU, ovum‐pick‐up; PVP, polyvinyl pyrrolidone.