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. 2022 Aug 19;66(19):2200013. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.202200013

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Watermelon extracellular vesicles contain a miRNA, protein, and DNA profile which differs from that of watermelon cells and predicts a dual plastid and mitochondrial site of biogenesis. a) The levels of miRNAs in watermelon mesocarp cells and mesocarp‐derived‐EVs were determined using the rice miFinder qPCR array (n = 3) and principal components analysis of miRNAs in mesocarp cells and EVs was performed on log10 ∆∆Ct values. b and c) Watermelon EV proteins were profiled using mass spectrometry and (b) analyzed using principal components analysis or (c) hierarchical clustering. Data are log10 transformed (relative abundance); n = 3. Hierarchical clustering was performed with correlation distance and complete linkage for columns and average distance for rows. d) GO enrichment analysis was performed to determine potential origin of EV proteins (Bonferroni p‐value correction; CELLO program[ 31 ]) and complemented with published subcellular localization.[ 32 ] The chart shows the percentage of total watermelon EV proteins that are predicted and/or reported to reside within plastids or multivesicular bodies (MVB), both or neither organelle. e) DNA was extracted from watermelon cells and EVs and analyzed by PCR to determine cellular localization of isolated DNA using primers for DNA of nuclear (N; actin) plastid (P; rbcL) and mitochondria (M; ccmFn) origin. f) Quantification of PCR data shows that EVs have lower levels of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA than cells but appear to have similar levels of plastid DNA. Data are shown as median (Mann–Whitney U test; * = p < 0.05).