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. 2022 Dec 16;14(24):5358. doi: 10.3390/nu14245358

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Limonin induces cell proliferation via activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in two-dimensional (2D) cultured rDPC. (A) Representative images of Western blot for Wnt/β-catenin-related proteins phospho(Ser552)-β-catenin and phospho(Ser675)-β-catenin after treatment with limonin and minoxidil for 24 h. (B) Confocal microscopy images for changes in the cellular localization of phospho(Ser675)-β-catenin after treatment with limonin and minoxidil for 1 h. (C) Confocal microscopy images of changes in the number of LC3B puncta after treatment with limonin for 24 h in the absence or presence of XAV939. (D) Changes in the proliferation of 2D rDPC after treatment with limonin for 3 days with or without XAV939. (E) Confocal microscopy images for changes in the number of BrdU-positive cells after treatment with limonin for 24 h in the absence or presence of XAV939. * p < 0.05 vs. vehicle-treated control. †† p < 0.01 vs. limonin alone. Scale bars, 50 μm. Con, vehicle-treated control; NT, not treated; NS, not significant.