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. 2022 Dec 16;14(24):5358. doi: 10.3390/nu14245358

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Limonin induces cell proliferation through alterations in the autophagy pathway by activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway in three-dimensional (3D) spheroids. (A) Effects of limonin on the proliferation of 3D spheroids. (B) Representative images of Western blots for phospho(Ser473)-AKT in 3D spheroids treated with limonin for 0–6 h. (C) Changes in the proliferation of 3D spheroids after treatment with limonin for 3 days with or withoutwortmannin. (D) Representative images of Western blots for p27 in 3D spheroids treated with limonin for 24 h with or without wortmannin. (E) Representative images of Western blots for LC3A/B in 3D spheroids treated with limonin for 24 h with or without wortmannin. * p < 0.05 vs. vehicle-treated control. † p < 0.05 vs. limonin alone. Con, vehicle-treated control; 0.12 mM HCl, vehicle for minoxidil; NS, not significant.