Figure 1.
Normalized width measurements of inhibition halos obtained in the agar spot test. The diameters in mm of the inhibition halos were measured after 48 h of pathogen incubation with the probiotic spots without (T0), or with 24 and 48 h pre-incubation. In the graphs, the normalized width halo (nwhalo) is represented for (a) A. actinomycetemcomitans, (b) S. mitis, and (c) S. mutans. Data are expressed as the mean of three independent experiments ± SD. # complete growth inhibition zones. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; **** p < 0.0001.