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Viability assay. (a) A. actinomycetemcomitans, (b) S. mitis, and (c) S. mutans viability was determined after 24, 48, and 72 h of probiotic CFS treatment. Data are represented as the Log(mean) of three independent experiments ± SD. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; **** p < 0.0001. Log(RLU) = Logarithm10 (relative luminescence unit); CFS = cell-free supernatant.
