Figure 6.

Co-aggregation assay. (a) Auto- and co-aggregation assay executed with pathogens and probiotics. The probiotic strain code alone refers to auto-aggregation; if a “+” before the probiotic strain is present, it means that the probiotic was added to the three-pathogen mix. (b) CFS effects on the three-pathogen co-aggregation. All data are represented as the mean of three independent experiments ± SD. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; **** p < 0.0001. Aa = A. actinomycetemcomitans; Smi = S. mitis; Smu = S. mutans; D-glu = D-glucose; D-gal = D-galactose; C- = negative control; CFS = cell-free supernatant.