Table 3.

Studies on carbonyls 2018–2022. Author names are hyperlinked to review entries in Section 6. The tickmark symbols and traffic light codes are given in Table 2: [✔, +/−, ✖, ?] and [●, ●, ●, ●] are respectively [Fully Consistent, Restricted Consistency, Completely Inconsistent, Missing information] and [Fully Reliable, Restricted Reliability, Completely Unreliable, Missing information]. The number codes in the column “Comments” are: (1) sub-ohm device with CORESTA high powers, (2) sub-ohm device with CORESTA recommended powers, (3) other forms of inconsistent protocol, (4) incorrect computation of exposure, (5) outliers not properly identified, (6) devices not fully identified, (7) testing power not identified, (8) too frequent puffs, (9) too long puffs, (10) used old devices.

	Experimental Consistency		Reproducibility		Toxicological Confidence	Comments
First Author & Hyperlink	Vaping Regime	Power Range	Emissions Generation	Trapping & Analysis
CARBONYLS
2018
Vreeke [13]	+/−	+/−	✔	✔	●	(1)
Korzun [14]	✔	✔	✔	✔	●	(4)
El Hellani [15]	+/−	✔	✔	✔	●	(4)(5)(8)
2019
Beauval [16]	+/−	+/−	✔	✔	●	(2)
Ooi [17]	✖	✖	?	?	●	(1)(3)(4)(5)(6)
Balushkin [18]	+/−	+/−	✔	✔	●	(2)(10)
Reilly [19]	✔	✔	✔	✔	●
2020
Son  [21]	✔	+/−	✔	✔	●	(5)
Talih [22]	✖	+/−	✔	✔	●	(1)(5)
Zelinkova [23]	✖	✔	✔	✔	●	(2)
Uchiyama [24]	✖	✖	✔	✖	●	(1)(2)(6)
Cunningham [25]	✔	✔	✔	✔	●
Noël [26]	✖	✖	?	✔	●	(1)(4)(6)
Mallock [27]	✔	✔	✔	✔	●
2021
Chen [28]	✔	✔	✔	✔	●
Crosswhite [29]	✔	✔	✔	✔	●
Li [30]	+/−	✔	✔	✔	●	(2)(3)(4)
Yan [31]	✖	✖	✔	✔	●	(1)(3)(4)
Tehrani [32]	✖	✖	✔	✔	●	(1)(3)(4)(7)(8)
Cancelada [20]	+/−	+/−	✔	✔	●	(2)(3)
2022
Xu [33]	✔	✔	✔	✔	●
Visser [34]	✔	✔	✔	✔	●