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. 2022 Dec 14;11(24):3516. doi: 10.3390/plants11243516

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Principal component analysis (PCA) biplot of the different parameters studied, namely photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls and carotenoids), oxidative stress indicators (H₂O₂ and MDA), osmoprotectants (proline, soluble sugars, soluble proteins), shikimic/phenylpropanoid intermediates (PAL activity, shikimic acid content), total phenolic content (F-C and HPLC), total phenolic acids content (HPLC), total salvianolic acids content (HPLC), total flavonoids content (HPLC), most abundant individual phenolic compounds (HPLC), namely epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), theaflavic acid (TA), salvianolic acid B isomer II (SA_B_II), methylrosmarinic acid isomer II (MRA_II), rosmarinic acid (RA), salvianolic acid A isomer II (SA_A_II), methyl 6-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (MGGP), sagerinic acid (SA), and antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, ORAC) in (A) T. lotocephalus in vitro cultures (T ic) and micropropagated plants (T mp), and (B) L. viridis in vitro cultures (L ic) and micropropagated plants (L mp).