Table 1.

Effect of exposure to different temperatures (15, 20, 25, and 30 °C) on Cltotal, Crt, MDA, H₂O₂, soluble sugar, soluble proteins, and proline contents of in vitro cultures and micropropagated plants of Lavandula viridis and Thymus lotocephalus.

Treatment	Cltotal (mg/gFW)	Crt (mg/gFW)	MDA (nmol/gFW)	H2O2 (µmol/gFW)	Soluble Sugars (mg/gFW)	Soluble Proteins (mg/gFW)	Proline (µmol/gFW)
L. viridis
In vitro cultures
15 °C	1.34 ± 0.06 a	0.30 ± 0.01 a	23.7 ± 1.42 e	2.83 ± 0.11 e	31.7 ± 0.20 de	7.92 ± 0.06 b	0.99 ± 0.09 b
20 °C	0.88 ± 0.02 c	0.22 ± 0.01 b	25.5 ± 1.35 ef	1.10 ± 0.13 f	28.6 ± 1.53 e	9.90 ± 0.13 a	0.31 ± 0.03 d
25 °C	0.61 ± 0.02 d	0.14 ± 0.00 c	32.6 ± 1.99 de	2.19 ± 0.06 e	64.5 ± 1.22 a	9.97 ± 0.05 a	1.53 ± 0.11 a
30 °C	0.35 ± 0.01 e	0.09 ± 0.00 d	35.6 ± 2.10 cd	2.77 ± 0.14 e	54.1 ± 0.85 b	6.10 ± 0.33 c	1.43 ± 0.08 a
Micropropagated plants
15 °C	1.01 ± 0.04 b	0.29 ± 0.02 a	45.6 ± 2.58 b	9.63 ± 0.18 a	50.6 ± 0.63 b	8.33 ± 0.14 b	0.11 ± 0.01 de
20 °C	1.31 ± 0.07 a	0.30 ± 0.01 a	42.3 ± 2.34 bc	3.80 ± 0.21 d	37.6 ± 0.97 c	9.65 ± 0.07 a	0.08 ± 0.01 e
25 °C	0.86 ± 0.04 c	0.21 ± 0.01 b	58.8 ± 6.42 a	5.77 ± 0.37 c	35.6± 2.82 cd	10.2 ± 0.05 a	0.23 ± 0.08 de
30 °C	0.25 ± 0.00 e	0.10 ± 0.00 d	56.9 ± 3.00 a	8.44 ± 0.47 b	32.8 ± 1.35 de	8.31 ± 0.55 b	0.53 ± 0.04 c
T. lotocephalus
In vitro cultures
15 °C	1.23 ± 0.02 a	0.32 ± 0.01 a	18.6 ± 0.54 e	1.16 ± 0.05 d	50.7 ± 0.58 a	7.92 ± 0.57 b	6.05 ± 0.31 a
20 °C	1.03 ± 0.02 c	0.27 ± 0.01 b	16.9 ± 0.47 d	0.93 ± 0.15 d	36.0 ± 0.81 cd	6.52 ± 0.18 c	1.18 ± 0.24 d
25 °C	1.17 ± 0.03 ab	0.26 ± 0.00 b	11.7 ± 0.51 e	0.69 ± 0.15 d	42.6 ± 1.49 b	6.45 ± 0.22 c	3.76 ± 0.21 c
30 °C	0.44 ± 0.03 e	0.12 ± 0.00 c	30.9 ± 2.02 b	1.13 ± 0.06 d	28.9 ± 0.12 e	10.1 ± 0.81 a	4.51 ± 0.18 b
Micropropagated plants
15 °C	0.78 ± 0.00 d	0.24 ± 0.01 b	30.5 ± 2.17 b	7.99 ± 0.66 a	42.3 ± 1.28 b	6.31 ± 0.47 c	n.d.
20 °C	1.12 ± 0.06 bc	0.31 ± 0.01 a	24.7 ± 1.84 c	2.24 ± 0.22 c	33.5 ± 0.35 d	8.00 ± 0.40 b	n.d.
25 °C	1.01 ± 0.05 c	0.27 ± 0.01 b	41.2 ± 1.77 a	5.41 ± 0.48 b	49.9 ± 1.14 a	5.81 ± 0.23 c	0.05 ± 0.01 e
30 °C	0.23 ± 0.03 f	0.09 ± 0.00 d	44.5 ± 0.78 a	4.72 ± 0.24 b	38.5 ± 0.39 c	6.38 ± 0.44 c	n.d.

For each variable and species, the results were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the values followed by different letters (a to f) are significantly different at p < 0.05 (Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test). Cltotal: total chlorophyll; Crt: carotenoids; MDA: malondialdehyde; H₂O₂: hydrogen peroxide; and n.d.: not defined.