Figure 1.

Schematic representation of the administration protocols used in this study. (A) Virucidal activity was tested by incubating the virus with plant extract for 1 h, prior to MDCK cell infection, as indicated. (B) Prophylactic testing was performed by pre-incubating MDCK cells with plant extract, infecting with H1N1 virus and measuring cell lysis 24 h post-infection. (C) Therapeutic activity was tested by infecting cells with the virus for 1 h and then applying the plant extract for 24 h prior to assessment of cell lysis by LDH release.