Table 3.

Immunotherapies for cancer currently on the market [60].

Paradigm	Example	Approved *	Target
mAbs that target tumors	Herceptin	Yes	Herceptin is approved for the treatment of early-stage breast cancer that is human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+).
Transfer of adoptive cells	Vemurafenib	No	Vemurafenib is used to slow the growth of certain types of cancer cells.
Oncolytic viruses	RIGVIR, Oncorine, and T-VEC	Yes	The treatment, which is injected into tumors, was engineered to produce a protein that stimulates the production of immune cells in the body and to reduce the risk of causing herpes.
DC-based therapies	_	No	Targeted treatment that involves extracting and manipulating components of a patient’s immune system (the dendritic cells) to boost its chances of eliminating unnoticed cancer cells.
Vaccinations based on peptides	TAS0314	Yes	Dramatically suppressed tumor growth.
Immunomodulatory mAbs	Rituximab (Rituxan)	Yes	It specifically targets the CD20 protein. B-cells, a type of white blood cell, have CD20, and it is indicated in patients for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
Immunostimulatory cytokines	IFN-α	Yes	Approved for the treatment of some hematological malignancies and AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma.
Immunosuppressive metabolism inhibitors	Rapamycin	No	Decrease the risk of organ transplant patients to develop cancer.
PRR agonists	Imiquimod	Yes	To achieve the purpose of regulating immunity and treating tumors.
ICD inducers	Radiation	Yes	The best-characterized inducer of immunogenic cell death.

* In one of its forms for use in cancer patients, by the US Food and Drug Administration or an equivalent regulatory agency worldwide.