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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: AIChE J. 2022 Jun 18;68(12):e17809. doi: 10.1002/aic.17809

FIGURE 7.

FIGURE 7

RANK/RANKL/OPG pathway where osteoblastic cell populations regulate the osteoclasts (C) cell populations. Pre-osteoblasts (P), osteoblasts (B), and osteocytes(S) secrete RANKL causing an increase in osteoclasts. Osteoblasts and osteocytes also inhibit osteoclastogenesis by secreting OPG, a competitive inhibitor of RANKL.