AC	Alternating current
ACE2	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
Au-IDE	Gold interdigitated microelectrode
AuNPs	Gold nanoparticles
Au-SPE	Gold surface- screen printed electrode
BDD	Boron doped diamond
BSA	Bovine serum albumin
CD4	Cluster of differentiation 4
C dl	Double-layer capacitance
CE	Counter electrode
CNPE	Carbon nanopowder paste electrode
CNT	Carbon nanotube
COVID-19	Coronavirus disease 2019
DC	Direct current
DENV	Dengue virus
DPP4	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4
E	Envelope protein
EBOV	Ebola virus
EDIII	Domain III of the envelope protein
EEC	Equivalent electric circuit
EIS	Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
ELISA	Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
GCE	Glassy carbon electrode
GF	Glass fiber
GO-MoS2	Graphene oxide encapsulated molybdenum disulfide
GQD	Graphene quantum dots
GTP	Tar pitch electrodes
HA	Hemagglutinin
HAV	Hepatitis A virus
HBsAg	Hepatitis B surface antigen
HBV	Hepatitis B virus
HCV	Hepatitis C virus
HIV	Human immunodeficiency virus
ITO	Indium tin oxide
LOD	Limit of detection
LOQ	Limit of quantification
M	Membrane protein
MCH	6-mercapto-1-hexanol
MERS-CoV	Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus
N	Nucleocapsid
NA	Neuraminidase
NCP	Nucleo capsid protein
NS1	Non-structural protein
NV	Nanovesicle
PCR	Polymerase chain reaction
Pd-NFT	Palladium nano-thin-film
PEDOT	Poly-(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)
PPy	Polypyrrole
RBD	Receptor binding domain
R ct	Charge transfer resistance
RE	Reference electrode
rGO	Reduced graphene oxide
R s	Ohmic resistance
S	Spike glycoprotein
SARS-CoV	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus
SARS-CoV-2	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
SELEX	Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment
SPCE	Screen-printed carbon electrode
SWV	Square wave voltammetry
TIM-1	T-cell immunoglobulin mucin domain-1
VACV	Vaccinia virus
WE	Working electrode
ZIKV	Zika virus
Z w	Warburg impedance