Figure 3.

Pleotropism of SCFA, acetate and butyrate. Each SCFA seem to have some organ specificity; butyrate is mainly used for energy generation at the colonic level. In the liver, propionate is principally metabolized, where pleotropic action is found, being lipogenic or gluconeogenic based on its concentration. Acetate is found to affect the hypophysis-adrenal gland axis. However, the same SCFA may impact different organs through different receptors, as receptors show preference but are not restricted to a single SCFA, possibly leading to synergistic effects. Created with BioRender.com.