Table 5.

Longitudinal associations of IPFP signal measures with systemic biomarkers of inflammation over 2 years

IPFP SI measure	sHA β (95% CI)	sMMP3 β (95% CI)
Mean (IPFP)	0.02 (−0.03, 0.07)	−0.01 (−0.06, 0.04)
sDev (IPFP)	0.05 (0.00, 0.10)	0.02 (−0.03, 0.06)
Median (H)	0.04 (−0.01, 0.09)	0.00 (−0.04, 0.05)
UQ (H)	0.04 (−0.01, 0.08)	0.02 (−0.03, 0.07)
Percentage (H)	0.05 (0.00, 0.10)	0.00 (−0.05, 0.05)
Clustering factor (H)	0.01 (−0.03, 0.06)	0.04 (0.00, 0.08)

With adjustment for baseline age, sex, body mass index, race, Kellgren–Lawrence grade, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index pain score, minimum joint space width and pain medication use. Bold values represent statistically significant associations, P < 0.05. HA: hyaluronic acid; IPFP: infrapatellar fat pad; Mean (IPFP): mean value of the whole IPFP signal intensity; Median (H): median value of high signal intensity; MMP3: matrix metalloproteinase 3; Percentage (H): ratio of volume of high signal intensity to volume of whole IPFP signal intensity; s: serum; sDev (IPFP): standard deviation of the whole IPFP signal intensity; u: urine; UQ (H): upper quartile value of high signal intensity.