Table 2.

Codebook.

Node	Codes	Meaning
A1	Referral	Referring the recipient to other sources of information or help, other places in general, and nonprofessional Providing the recipient with access to new people or other communication channels
A2	Request for opinions or suggestions	Asking about any act that offers direction or action for how to engage in the task or advances a belief or the value that is relevant to the task
A3	Situation appraisal	Helping reassess or redefine the situation faced by the recipient
B1	Positive	Showing positive emotions
B2	Negative	Showing negative emotions
C1	Sharing self-disclosure	Speaking about oneself, one’s experience, and one’s disease (recovery reports, treatment, diagnosis, etc)
D1	Sarcastic comments	Being disrespectful, insolent toward other members or statements that express being hurt
D2	Aggression	Presenting hostile or violent attitudes toward another with or without readiness to attack or confront
D3	Disagreement	Expressing a different opinion
D4	Rejection	Expressing little desire to include a person in their groups and relationships or excluding a person
D5	Reluctance or aversion	Expressing a strong dislike or disinclination
E1	Encouragement or motivation	Providing the recipient with a motive for doing something and confidence
E2	Compliment	Improving one’s self-worth by saying positive things about the recipient
F1	Practical tricks	Sharing advice (not necessarily based on facts and can be based on self-experience) Providing ideas or suggestions for action
F2	Instrumental	Offering help or a talk
F3	Tangible	Sharing goods or services
G1	Appreciation or gratitude	Expressing appreciation to another individual from the group or the group all in all
H1	Requesting engagement	Asking for opportunity to participate or be involved in group’s life
H2	Request for other kinds of support	Asking about anything other than facts, opinions, or suggestions
H3	Small talks or socializing	Greetings Taking politely about unimportant or uncontroversial matters
H4	Encouraging disclosure	Motivating to expose oneself, revealing information about oneself
I1	Informational	Sharing information or theoretical knowledge (should be based on facts)
I2	Referring to the rules	Mentioning and enforcing the applicable group norms and rules
I3	Illegal advice	Mostly related to drugs—providing information about where one can buy drugs and how to deal with getting a prescription from a physician
I4	Warnings	Indicating a possible danger, problem, or other unpleasant situation
J1	Request for information	Asking questions to obtain an answer about facts
J2	Clarifications	Asking to make a statement or situation less confusing and more comprehensible (eg, asking for explanation or asking additional questions)
J3	Verifying the authenticity	Asking about proofs (eg, a code of diagnosis)
K1	Related to professional help	Providing information about places where one can obtain help from specialists
K2	Related to medication	Providing information about drugs, doses, and route of administration
K3	Related to side effects	Providing information about an unpleasant effect of a drug that occurs in addition to the main effect
L1	Presence or companions	Offering to be there
L2	Offering hope	Providing the recipient with hope
L3	Spiritual	Offering prayer for the recipient
L4	Tension Release or jokes	Posting messages that include humor Reducing the anxiety that a person or a group may be experiencing
M1	Empathy or compassion	Showing that their feelings are seen
N1	Apologizing	Expressing regret for doing something wrong
N2	Confidentiality	Keeping the recipient’s problem in confidence
N3	Behavior promotion	Supportive of harmful behavior Supportive of minimizing harmful behavior Unsupportive of harmful behavior
N4	Acceptance	Being received and admitted into a group
N5	Relationship	Conveying the importance of closeness
O1	Network	Providing agreement with the views of the recipient Providing validation, normalizing the situation Showing the problem or situation as affecting more people, helping in identification, solidarity, and group cohesion Alleviating any feelings of guilt that the recipient may have about the situation