Table 2.
Results of Negative Binomial Regressions on Depression among the PINE Respondents
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
||||
| β | β | β | β | |
|
| ||||
| Chinatown residence | −.108 | −.093 | −.139* | −.137† |
| Control variables | ||||
| Age | .005 | .005 | .003 | .001 |
| Women | .216** | .254*** | .268*** | .273*** |
| Married | −.226** | −.285** | −.176* | −.240* |
| Preferred language a | ||||
| Cantonese | −.555*** | −.515*** | −.698*** | −.682*** |
| Taishanese | −.697*** | −.636*** | −.806*** | −.881*** |
| Education | −.009 | −.011 | −.003 | −.004 |
| Material hardship | .781*** | .764*** | .690*** | .685*** |
| Any ADL difficulties | .583*** | .607*** | .496*** | .517*** |
| Any IADL difficulties | .567*** | .544*** | .528*** | .509*** |
| Years in the United States | .002 | −.001 | .008* | .008* |
| Family-oriented migration | .106 | .098 | .060 | .056 |
| Level of acculturation | .004 | −.001 | .001 | −.002 |
| Family-level social capital | ||||
| Living arrangement b | ||||
| Living with spouse only | .087 | .100 | ||
| Multigeneration household | .081 | .022 | ||
| Others | −.109 | −.132 | ||
| Strong family support | −.249*** | −.176** | ||
| Neighborhood-level social capital | ||||
| Strong friend support | −.169* | −.116 | ||
| Social engagement | −.050*** | −.049*** | ||
| Neighborhood cohesion | −.088* | −.092* | ||
| Neighborhood environment | −.030*** | −.029*** | ||
| Years in the neighborhood | −.014*** | −.014*** | ||
Note:
a.
Reference is Mandarin
b.
Reference is living alone
†
p<.01
*
p < .05
**
p < .01
***
p < .001