Table 2.

Summary of Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool quality assessment—risk of bias of the included randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

RCT, year	Randomization appropriately performed	Groups comparable at baseline	Complete outcome data	Outcome assessors blinded to the intervention	Participants adhered to the assigned intervention	Risk of bias scorea
Cadmus-Bertram et al [78], 2016	★b	★	★	0c	★	Low
Valle et al [81], 2017	★	★	★	0	★	Low
Lynch et al [83], 2019	★	★	★	0	★	Low
Kashfi et al [76], 2021	0	★	★	0	—d	Moderate to high

^aOverall risk of bias scores were assessed by 2 independent reviewers and classified into low risk and moderate to high risk. Low risk of bias: ≥4 stars; moderate to high risk of bias: ≤3 stars.

^bMet the criterion.

^cFailed to meet the criterion.

^dInsufficient information given to decide.