. 2022 Dec 23;23:95. doi: 10.1186/s40360-022-00638-7

Table 3.

Mutagenic effects of tartrazine in meristematic cells of Allium cepa

Treatments	Concentrations	ET (h)	Chromosomal alterations (CA)					Total CA
Treatments	Concentrations	ET (h)	*Micronuclei*	*c-metaphases*	*Bridges*	*Losses*	*Delays*	Total CA
NC	-	24	0.2 ± 0.5	0.2 ± 0.5	0.25 ± 0.5	0.0 ± 0.0	0.75 ± 0.5	1.40 ± 0.5
PC (ug/mL)	0.006 mg/ml		3.8 ± 0.9^a	4.5 ± 0.5^a	10.2 ± 0.9^a	5.25 ± 2.62^a	10.5 ± 1.29^a	34.25 ± 4.7^a
TRZ (µg/mL)	400 µg/mL		3.0 ± 0.9^a	6 ± 4.1^a	1.5 ± 1.2^b	0.75 ± 0.5^b	2.5 ±1.29^b	15.04 ± 4.2^ab
	200 µg/mL		2.3 ± 0.9	6 ± 4.1^a	1.0 ± 2.0^b	7.0 ± 7.52^a	0.5 ± 1.0^b	16.75 ± 4.3^ab
	100 µg/mL		2.2 ± 2.0	4.5 ± 1.7^a	1.0 ± 1.41^b	0.75 ± 0.95^b	0.75 ± 0.95^b	9.2 ± 3.5^ab
NC	-	72	0.2 ± 0.5	0.15 ± 0.5	0.0 ± 0.0	0.2 ± 0.5	0.4 ± 0.3	0.9 ± 0.3
PC (µg/mL )	0.006 mg/ml		4.2 ± 0.7^a	4.9 ± 0.4^a	12.3 ± 1.2^a	7.2 ± 1.9^a	11.4 ± 0.9^a	40.05 ± 4.9^a
TRZ (µg/mL)	400 µg/mL		4.0 ± 3.1^a	2.5 ± 1.2	2 ± 1.4^b	0.25 ± 0.5^b	2.0 ± 2.4^b	10.75 ± 2.5^ab
	200 µg/mL		2.7 ± 1.2	4.25 ± 3.0^a	0.5 ± 0.5^b	0.75 ± 0.5^b	0.7 ± 1.5^b	9.0 ± 2.2^ab
	100 µg/mL		2.0 ± 1.41	3.5 ± 1.9^a	1.0 ± 1.1^b	1.0 ± 2.0^b	1.2 ± 1.8^b	8.75 ± 1.2^ab

Values are mean ± SD; ANOVA one-way, followed by the Tukey post-test; p< 0.05, ^acompared to the NC and ^bcompared to the PC group; ET Exposure time, CA Chromosomic alterations, TRZ Tartrazine, NC Vehicle (negative control), PC Positive control (CuSO₄.5H₂O)