Table 2.
Themes evident in included studies
| Author, year, journal | 1. Ali et al. 2015, BMJ Open (37) | 2. Carter-Harris et al. 2017a, Family Practice [38] | 3. Carter-Harris et al. 2017b, Health Expectations [39] | 4. Delmerico et al. 2014, Lung Cancer (40) | 5. Draucker et al. 2019, Health Expectations [41] | 6. Greene et al. 2019, Journal of Cancer Education [42] | 7. Jonnalagada et al. 2012, Lung Cancer [43] | 8. Lowenstein 2019, Lung Cancer [44] | 9. Percac-Lima et al. 2019, Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health [45] | 10. Quaife et al. 2017, Health Expectations [46] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Themes and sub-themes | |||||||||||
| 1. Low awareness of lung screening | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||
| 1.1. Awareness of early detection message | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||
| 2. Enthusiasm for lung screening | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||
| 3. Barriers to lung screening | |||||||||||
| 3.1. Concerns about the test itself | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||
| 3.2. Fear of a cancer diagnosis/ cancer worry | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
| 3.3. Fatalism | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||
| 3.4. Fear of invasive procedures | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||
| 3.5. Mistrust of health professionals or services | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||
| 3.6. Perceived risk of lung cancer (also potential facilitator) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||
| 3.7. Smoking-related stigma | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||
| 3.8. Practical barriers | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
| 4.0. Facilitators or suggestions to improve uptake | |||||||||||
| 4.1. Being health conscious | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||
| 4.2. Provider recommendation | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||
| 4.3. Motivation to quit smoking | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||
| 4.4. Seeking reassurance | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Author, year, journal | 11. Quaife et al. 2018, BMC Cancer [47] | 12. Raju et al. 2020, Clinical Lung Cancer [48] | 13. Raz et al. 2019, Clinical Lung Cancer [49] | 14. Roth et al. 2018, PLoS One [50] | 15. Schiffelbein et al. 2020, Journal of Primary Care and Community Health [51] | 16. Schnoll et al. 2003, Lung Cancer [52] | 17. See et al. 2020, ERJ Open Research [53] | 18. Smits et al. 2018, Health Expectations [54] | 19. Stephens et al. 2019, Lung [55] | 20. Tonge et al. 2019, Health Expectations [56] | 21. Simmons et al. 2017, Lung Cancer [57] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Themes and sub-themes | ||||||||||||
| 1. Low awareness of lung screening | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||
| 1.1. Awareness of early detection message | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||
| 2. Enthusiasm for lung screening | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
| 3. Barriers to lung screening | ||||||||||||
| 3.1. Concerns about the test itself | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||
| 3.2. Fear of a cancer diagnosis/ cancer worry | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||
| 3.3. Fatalism | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||
| 3.4. Fear of invasive procedures | ✓ | |||||||||||
| 3.5. Mistrust of health professionals or services | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||
| 3.6. Perceived risk of lung cancer (also potential facilitator) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||
| 3.7. Smoking-related stigma | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||
| 3.8. Practical barriers | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||
| 4.0. Facilitators or suggestions to improve uptake | ||||||||||||
| 4.1. Being health conscious | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||
| 4.2. Provider recommendation | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||
| 4.3. Motivation to quit smoking | ✓ | |||||||||||
| 4.4. Seeking reassurance | ✓ |