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. 2022 Dec 25:1–27. Online ahead of print. doi: 10.1007/s10961-022-09988-0

Table 8.

Correlation matrix on the variable level—entrepreneurial networks and geographical proximity

Variables 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
1 Accountants
2 Banking institutions 0.266**
3 Chamber of commerce 0.159* 0.143*
4 Consultants 0.100 0.300** 0.203**
5 Lawyers 0.115 0.202** 0.164* 0.195**
6 Regional business partner 0.103 0.193** 0.054 0.227** 0.288**
7 Patent advisers 0.024 0.136** 0.047 0.199** 0.364** 0.464**
8 Venture capital firms − 0.029 0.113 0.007 0.130* 0.300** 0.233** 0.326**
9 Incubator network 0.054 0.047 0.103 0.199** 0.261** 0.429** 0.373** 0.264**
10 Proximity to university 0.119 0.126 − 0.016 0.153* 0.259** 0.370** 0.317** 0.197** 0.318**
11 Proximity to customers 0.107 0.096 − 0.027 0.080 − 0.030 − 0.096 − 0.185** − 0.069 − 0.111 0.016
12 Proximity to competitors in the same field 0.092 0.081 0.071 0.260** 0.078 − 0.042 − 0.097 − 0.030 0.038 0.075 0.338**
13 Local/regional advantages 0.122 0.291** 0.019 0.150* 0.119 0.138* − 0.077 −0.031 0.123 0.203** 0.230** 0.262**
14 Attractive/expansive industrial area 0.040 0.041 0.053 0.136* 0.127* − 0.032 0.033 0.009 0.094 0.155* 0.445** 0.317** 0.330**
15 Proximity to large, well-known firms 0.142* 0.098 0.032 0.150* 0.066 − 0.057 0.077 0.033 − 0.053 − 0.026 0.489** 0.363** 0.242** 0.521**
16 Proximity to similar firms 0.161 0.013 .024 0.214** 0.037 − 0.047 − 0.115 − 0.035 0.076 0.099 0.385** 0.625** 0.249** 0.372** 0.445**
17 Product or service 0.086 − 0.003 0.005 − 0.065 − 0.103 − 0.359** − 0.338** − 0.272** − 0.104 − 0.253** 0.144* 0.056 − 0.079 − 0.004 0.048 0.094
18 Product/service differentiation 0.043 0.028 0.062 0.012 0.171** 0.209** 0.196** 0.215** 0.189** 0.196** − 0.102 − 0.120 − 0.050 − 0.075 − 0.123 − 0.156* − 0.331**
19 Pricing 0.005 0.027 0.005 0.044 0.087 − 0.025 0.047 − 0.035 0.083 − 0.037 0.005 0.087 − 0.012 − 0.029 0.128 0.024 0.073 − 0.066
20 Product/service quality 0.029 − 0.001 − 0.002 0.082 0.065 − 0.066 − 0.015 0.000 − 0.078 − 0.036 0.010 0.052 − 0.001 0.031 0.113 0.099 − 0.039 0.102 0.363**
21 Growth 2014–2016 − 0.079 0.007 0.049 0.098 0.121 0.179** 0.1030 0.083 0.181** 0.153* − 0.026 0.004 0.099 0.155* 0.039 0.004 − 0.186** 0.030 − 0.070 0.005

*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.005