Table 8.
Correlation matrix on the variable level—entrepreneurial networks and geographical proximity
| Variables | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Accountants | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2 | Banking institutions | 0.266** | |||||||||||||||||||
| 3 | Chamber of commerce | 0.159* | 0.143* | ||||||||||||||||||
| 4 | Consultants | 0.100 | 0.300** | 0.203** | |||||||||||||||||
| 5 | Lawyers | 0.115 | 0.202** | 0.164* | 0.195** | ||||||||||||||||
| 6 | Regional business partner | 0.103 | 0.193** | 0.054 | 0.227** | 0.288** | |||||||||||||||
| 7 | Patent advisers | 0.024 | 0.136** | 0.047 | 0.199** | 0.364** | 0.464** | ||||||||||||||
| 8 | Venture capital firms | − 0.029 | 0.113 | 0.007 | 0.130* | 0.300** | 0.233** | 0.326** | |||||||||||||
| 9 | Incubator network | 0.054 | 0.047 | 0.103 | 0.199** | 0.261** | 0.429** | 0.373** | 0.264** | ||||||||||||
| 10 | Proximity to university | 0.119 | 0.126 | − 0.016 | 0.153* | 0.259** | 0.370** | 0.317** | 0.197** | 0.318** | |||||||||||
| 11 | Proximity to customers | 0.107 | 0.096 | − 0.027 | 0.080 | − 0.030 | − 0.096 | − 0.185** | − 0.069 | − 0.111 | 0.016 | ||||||||||
| 12 | Proximity to competitors in the same field | 0.092 | 0.081 | 0.071 | 0.260** | 0.078 | − 0.042 | − 0.097 | − 0.030 | 0.038 | 0.075 | 0.338** | |||||||||
| 13 | Local/regional advantages | 0.122 | 0.291** | 0.019 | 0.150* | 0.119 | 0.138* | − 0.077 | −0.031 | 0.123 | 0.203** | 0.230** | 0.262** | ||||||||
| 14 | Attractive/expansive industrial area | 0.040 | 0.041 | 0.053 | 0.136* | 0.127* | − 0.032 | 0.033 | 0.009 | 0.094 | 0.155* | 0.445** | 0.317** | 0.330** | |||||||
| 15 | Proximity to large, well-known firms | 0.142* | 0.098 | 0.032 | 0.150* | 0.066 | − 0.057 | 0.077 | 0.033 | − 0.053 | − 0.026 | 0.489** | 0.363** | 0.242** | 0.521** | ||||||
| 16 | Proximity to similar firms | 0.161 | 0.013 | .024 | 0.214** | 0.037 | − 0.047 | − 0.115 | − 0.035 | 0.076 | 0.099 | 0.385** | 0.625** | 0.249** | 0.372** | 0.445** | |||||
| 17 | Product or service | 0.086 | − 0.003 | 0.005 | − 0.065 | − 0.103 | − 0.359** | − 0.338** | − 0.272** | − 0.104 | − 0.253** | 0.144* | 0.056 | − 0.079 | − 0.004 | 0.048 | 0.094 | ||||
| 18 | Product/service differentiation | 0.043 | 0.028 | 0.062 | 0.012 | 0.171** | 0.209** | 0.196** | 0.215** | 0.189** | 0.196** | − 0.102 | − 0.120 | − 0.050 | − 0.075 | − 0.123 | − 0.156* | − 0.331** | |||
| 19 | Pricing | 0.005 | 0.027 | 0.005 | 0.044 | 0.087 | − 0.025 | 0.047 | − 0.035 | 0.083 | − 0.037 | 0.005 | 0.087 | − 0.012 | − 0.029 | 0.128 | 0.024 | 0.073 | − 0.066 | ||
| 20 | Product/service quality | 0.029 | − 0.001 | − 0.002 | 0.082 | 0.065 | − 0.066 | − 0.015 | 0.000 | − 0.078 | − 0.036 | 0.010 | 0.052 | − 0.001 | 0.031 | 0.113 | 0.099 | − 0.039 | 0.102 | 0.363** | |
| 21 | Growth 2014–2016 | − 0.079 | 0.007 | 0.049 | 0.098 | 0.121 | 0.179** | 0.1030 | 0.083 | 0.181** | 0.153* | − 0.026 | 0.004 | 0.099 | 0.155* | 0.039 | 0.004 | − 0.186** | 0.030 | − 0.070 | 0.005 |
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.005