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. 2022 Dec 24;9:779. doi: 10.1038/s41597-022-01870-w

Table 1.

Test results of PaiNN models trained on ANI1x, QM9x, and Transition1x.

Trained on Tested on Energy [eV] Forces [eV/Å]
RMSE MAE RMSE MAE
ANI1x Transition States 0.629 (11) 0.495 (10) 0.71(2) 0.53(1)
Transition1x 0.112 (3) 0.075 (1) 0.211(1) 0.111(1)
QM9x 3.132 (23) 2.957 (25) 0.71(2) 0.316(5)
ANI1x ANI1x 0.044(5) 0.023(1) 0.062(1) 0.039(1)
Transition1x 0.365(17) 0.226(8) 0.43(3) 0.179(1)
QM9x 3.042(13) 2.313(11) 1.9(1) 1.29(1)
ANI1x Transition1x 0.628(63) 0.289(13) 0.65(1) 0.20(8)
Transition1x 0.102(2) 0.048(1) 0.136(1) 0.058(1)
QMx 2.613(18) 1.421(11) 0.495(3) 0.241(1)
ANI1x QM9x 0.134(1) 0.124(1) 0.061(1) 0.038(2)
Transition1x 0.111(2) 0.074(3) 0.082(1) 0.048(1)
QM9x 0.04(2) 0.015(1) 0.016(0) 0.007(0)

We report RMSE and MAE on energy and forces. Force error is the component-wise error between the predicted and true force vector. The test sets have been constructed such that all configurations contain C, N, O, and H, and such that no formula has been seen previously in the training data. We show the best performing model in bold in each test-setup.