Table 2.

Differences and similarities between the estimands of a given treatment tested in different diseases/subtypes within the same master protocol

Estimand attribute	Guidance
A. Treatment	Same for each disease / subtype
B. Population	Different for each disease / subtype (but could have a common denominator, e.g., a positive biomarker)
C. Variable	Could vary as the same drug could target different aspects in different populations (e.g., in oncology: OS, PFS, ORR)
D. Intercurrent events	Population‐specific IEs would be different, whereas treatment‐specific IEs would be the same
E. Population‐level summary	Would change with the variable and the population (e.g., a same binary variable could lead to percent difference in one population and odds ratio in the other if adjustment is needed)

IEs, intercurrent events; OS, overall survival; ORR, observed response rate; PFS, progression‐free survival.