TABLE 5.

Summary of key research findings for trauma symptoms

Study (author, year)	Mediation/moderation results
Berman et al. (2019)	Significant indirect effect of child maltreatment (abuse and neglect subscales) on post‐traumatic symptoms via negative core beliefs.
Wilson and Newins (2018)	Significant indirect effect of child maltreatment on post‐traumatic symptoms via anxiety sensitivity.
McCormick et al. (2017)	Significant indirect effect of ACEs on post‐traumatic symptoms through the meaning struggles subscale of the Religious and Spiritual Struggles Scale (RSSS).
Evans, Steel, and DiLillo (2013)	Perceived social support (PSS) from family predicted moderation of the relationship between physical abuse, emotional abuse, emotional neglect and trauma. PSS from family did not moderate the child maltreatment–trauma symptoms for men. PSS from friends did not moderate the child maltreatment–trauma link for both men and women.
Stevens et al. (2013)	Significant indirect effect of childhood trauma on post‐traumatic symptoms through emotion regulation. Significant indirect effect of child abuse on post‐traumatic symptoms though interpersonal violence and social support. Emotion regulation mediates the relationship between child abuse and trauma. Effect significant after adjusting for social support and interpersonal violence. Social support & interpersonal violence mediates the relationship between child abuse and trauma. The effect of emotion regulation was stronger.
Browne and Winkelman (2007)	Indirect effect of childhood trauma on trauma symptoms via cognitive distortions. Associations found between childhood trauma and attachment dimensions which on their own were not significantly associated with trauma symptoms.