Table 1.

Inclusion and exclusion criteria for eligible studies

PICO	Inclusion criteria	Exclusion criteria
	Adults with BAD aged ≥ 16 years and with diarrhoea	Adults with BAD aged ≥ 16 years and with no reporting of diarrhoea prior to undertaking the intervention
Participants	Diagnosis of BAD determined via any of these tests: SeHCAT, serum C4, faecal BA excretion ≥ 48 h collection,14C‐glycocholate stool test	BAD diagnosed by: faecal BA excretion collection < 48 h, diarrhoea defined by faecal weight or BAS trial
	In Type 1 BAD: a reported method to diagnose BAD was not required	Pregnancy; other medication or food that could influence GI symptoms or motility: metformin; alcohol abuse; other serious morbidities such as active Crohn's disease, microscopic colitis, liver disease, AIDs/HIV, depression
	Diarrhoea: as defined or described by study authors or according to the Bristol Stool Form Scale Types 6 or 7
Intervention	A therapy, as induction or adjunct treatment for BAD
	Induction treatment was defined as a therapy without the use of BAD medication (colestyramine, colesevelam, colestipol or anti‐diarrhoeals)
	Adjunct treatment was defined as a therapy undertaken after BAD medication had been optimised
Comparator	A placebo, another therapy, or no treatment
Outcomes	Diarrhoea: Number/proportion of observed responders or the reported change using a clear scoring system at study endpoint	Diarrhoea: No reporting by responder or change in diarrhoea at study endpoint
Study design	RCT, prospective and retrospective cohort and case series	Single case
Study reporting	No language restrictions	Studies reported as an abstract or letter

Abbreviations: BA, bile acid; BAD, bile acid diarrhoea; BAS, bile acid sequestrant; BSFS, Bristol Stool Form Scale; C4, 7α‐Hydroxy‐4‐cholesten‐3‐one ¹⁴ ; C‐glycocholate; GI, gastrointestinal; RCT, randomised controlled trial; SeHCAT, ⁷⁵selenium homocholic acid taurine.