Fig. 2.

Fold change (log₂ transformed ± SE) of the target genes, (A) CYP9Z14v2, (B) Ugt1, (C) Gs, (D) Ldace1, (E) Hsp70, in Colorado potato beetle (CPB) larvae under fungicide treatments (24 h of single and 72 h of repeated [3 times] exposure to 0.25 mg/L and 0.66 mg/L of fluazinam) when compared to control (nontreated) sample overall families. Expression levels of the study genes were normalized using L13e and RpS18 reference genes. Significant differences between the control and the treatment groups are marked with asterisks (*P ≤ 0.05, **P ≤ 0.01, ***P = 0.001).