Table 2.
Dermatology‐ and vitiligo‐specific quality‐of‐life assessment tools and outcomes among studies that reported total scores in the overall population
| Study | Country | Sample size at baseline | Total score, mean (SD) | Total score, median (Range) | Estimated effect on QoL* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DLQI * | |||||
| Aghaei 2004 44 | Iran | 70 | 7.05 (5.13) | – | Moderate |
| Al Robaee 2007 46 | Saudi Arabia | 109 | 14.7 (5.17) | – | Very large |
| Al‐Shobaili 2015 47 | Saudi Arabia | 134 | 10.6 (4.3) | – | Moderate |
| Amatya 2019 48 | Nepal | 100 | 4.13 (3.74) | 3 (0–17) | Small |
| Anaba 2020 49 | Nigeria | 29 | – | 5 (IQR, 2–10) | Small |
| Bassiouny 2021 50 | Egypt | 100 | 12.5 (4.2) | – | Very large |
| Bin Saif 2013 51 | Saudi Arabia | 141 | 9 (6.5) | – (0–25) | Moderate |
| Boza 2015 53 | Brazil | 74 | – | 3 (IQR, 1–7) | Small |
| Catucci Boza 2016 55 | Brazil | 93 | – | 3.00 (IQR, 1.00–6.50) | Small |
| Chahar 2018 57 | India | 54 | 9.64 (4.32) | – | Moderate |
| Chan 2012 59 | Singapore | 145 | 4.4 (4.5) | 3.0 (0–23) | Small |
| Chan 2013 58 | Singapore | 222 | 4.0 (4.4) | – | Small |
| Chen 2019 60 | China | 884 | 5.83 (5.75) | – (0–30) | Small |
| Dabas 2019 36 | India | 95 | 10.3 (6.65) | – | Moderate |
| Doʇruk Kaçar 2014 61 | Turkey | 34 | 6.02 (2.55) | – (2–14) | Moderate |
| Dolatshahi 2008 62 | Iran | 100 | 8.16 (5.42) | – (0–28) | Moderate |
| Ezzedine 2015 64 | France | 261 | 8.7 (6.2) | 7.0 (0–28.0) | Moderate |
| Fawzy 2013 65 | Egypt | 104 | 9.52 (5.88) | – (1–24) | Moderate |
| Ghaderi 2014 66 | Iran | 70 | 8.40 (5.80) | – | Moderate |
| Ghajarzadeh 2012 37 | Iran | 100 | 8.4 (6.9) | – | Moderate |
| Gupta 2014 67 | India | 161 | 8.25 (6.93) | – | Moderate |
| Gupta 2019 68 | India | 382 | 7.8 (6.6) | – (0–28) | Moderate |
| Hartmann 2005 71 | Germany | 9 | 13 (6.1) | – (8–25) | Very large |
| Hartmann 2008 70 | Germany | 30 | 12.4 (6.5) | – (2–27) | Very large |
| Ingordo 2012 75 | Italy | 47 | 1.82 (2.95) | – | No effect |
| Ingordo 2014 74 | Italy | 161 | 4.3 (4.9) | – (0–22) | Small |
| Karelson 2013 21 | Estonia | 54 | 4.7 (–) | – (0–22) | Small |
| Kent 1996 77 | United Kingdom | 614 | 4.82 (4.84) | – (0–26) | Small |
| Kiprono 2013 78 | Tanzania | 88 | 7.2 (4.8) | – | Moderate |
| Kostopoulou 2009 79 | France | 48 | 7.17 (4.8) | – (0–18) | Moderate |
| Kota 2019 80 | India | 150 | 7.02 (5.58) | – | Moderate |
| Kruger 2015 22 | Germany | 96 | 4.9 (–) | – | Small |
| Mashayekhi 2010 83 | Iran | 83 | 7.54 (4.97) | – (0–20) | Moderate |
| Mishra 2014 84 | India | 100 | 6.86 (–) | – | Moderate |
| Morales‐Sanchez 2017 85 | Mexico | 150 | 5.2 (5.4) | – | Small |
| Noh 2013 26 | South Korea | 60 | 7.61 (–) | – | Moderate |
| Ongenae 2005a 38 | Belgium | 102 | 4.95 (–) | – (0–8) | Small |
| Ongenae 2005b 89 | Belgium | 78 | 6.9 (5.6) | – (0–20) | Moderate |
| Parsad 2003 91 | India | 150 | 10.7 (4.56) | – (2–21) | Moderate |
| Radtke 2009 15 | Germany | 1023 | 7.0 (5.9) | – (0–27) | Moderate |
| Salman 2016 94 | Turkey | 37 | 5.6 (5.1) | – | Small |
| Sangma 2015 28 | India | 100 | 9.08 (4.46) | – | Moderate |
| Senol 2013 97 | Turkey | 183 | 15.0 (4.6) | 14.0 (IQR, 11.0–17.0) | Very large |
| Silpa‐Archa 2020 99 | Thailand | 104 | 7.46 (6.06) | 6 (0–26) | Moderate |
| Silverberg 2013 100 | United States | 1541 | 5.9 (5.5) | – | Small |
| Tejada 2011 102 | Brazil | 16 | – | 13 (IQR, 9–15.5) | Very large |
| Temel 2019 103 | Turkey | 50 | 4.70 (5.33) | – | Small |
| Udaya Kiran 2020 104 | India | 14 | 12.4 (4.48) | – | Very large |
| van Geel 2006 105 | Belgium | 40 | 6.95 (6.68) | 4.5 (0–21) | Moderate |
| van Geel 2021 106 | Belgium | 315 | – | 2 (0–21) | Small |
| Wang 2011 35 | China | 101 | 8.41 (7.31) | – | Moderate |
| Wong 2012 107 | Malaysia | 102 | 6.4 (–) | – (0–20) | Moderate |
| Xu 2017 39 | South Korea | 37 | 4.49 (3.97) | – | Small |
| Zandi 2011 110 | Iran | 124 | 9.09 (6.2) | – | Moderate |
| CDLQI * | |||||
| Catucci Boza 2016 55 | Brazil | 24 | – | 3 (IQR, 1.3–7.3) | Small |
| Dertlioglu 2013 19 | Turkey | 50 | 11.7 (6.54) | – | Very large |
| Kruger 2014 24 | Germany, United States | 74 | 2.8 (–) | – | Small |
| Kruger 2018 23 | Germany, United States | 85 | 2.81 (3.65) | – (0–17) | Small |
| Manzoni 2012 111 | Brazil | 43 | – | 2 (IQR, 1–6) | Small |
| Njoo 2000 112 | Netherlands | 51 | 5.6 (3.8) | – | Small |
| Ramien 2014 113 | Canada | 9 | 5.0 (–) | – | Small |
| Savas Erdogan 2020 114 | Turkey | 29 | 2.76 (2.39) | – (0–8) | Small |
| Silverberg 2014 115 | United States | 336 | – | 3.0 (IQR, 5) | Small |
| FDLQI * | |||||
| Andrade 2020 149 | United States | 118 | 13.1 (3.5) | – | Very large |
| Bin Saif 2013 51 | Saudi Arabia | 141 | 10.3 (6.4) | – (range, 0–26) | Moderate |
| Handjani 2013 151 | Iran | 15 | 14.4 (5.08) | – | Very large |
| Saeedeh 2019 152 | Iran | 150 | 6.1 (6.1) | 5 (0–24) | Moderate |
| Skindex‐29 † | |||||
| Choi 2010 121 | South Korea | 57 | 21.8 (–) | – | Moderate |
| Kim 2009 122 | South Korea | 133 | 30.7 (19.2) | – | Moderate |
| Komen 2015 123 | Netherlands | 60 | 20.8 (–) | – | Moderate |
| Linthorst Homan 2009 125 | Netherlands | 245 | 22.8 (17.1) | – | Moderate |
| Sanclemente 2017 129 | Colombia | 99 | – (16.2) | 21.5 (–) | Moderate |
| Xu 2017 39 | South Korea | 37 | 33.1 (12.4) | – | Moderate |
| Skindex‐16 † | |||||
| Essa 2018 131 | Egypt | 21 | 39.4 (19.2) | – | Severe |
| Gupta 2014 67 | India | 161 | 32.0 (23.1) | – | Moderate |
| VitiQoL ‡ | |||||
| Anaba 2020 49 | Nigeria | 29 | – | 38 (IQR, 17–54) | Moderate |
| Boza 2015 53 | Brazil | 74 | 40.0 (27.3) | – | Severe |
| Catucci Boza 2016 55 | Brazil | 93 | – | 37.0 (IQR, 17.0–64.5) | Moderate |
| Hedayat 2016 133 | Iran | 173 | 30.5 (14.5) | 31 (0–60) | Moderate |
| Morales‐Sanchez 2017 85 | Mexico | 150 | 32.1 (22.7) | – | Moderate |
| Pun 2021 135 | Nepal | 22 | 37.2 (24.2) | – | Moderate |
| VIS | |||||
| Pun 2021 135 | Nepal | 22 | 23.9 (15.9) | – | – |
| VIS‐22 § | |||||
| Gupta 2014 67 | India | 161 | 26.5 (14.5) | – | Large |
| Gupta 2019 68 | India | 391 | 24.8 (14.0) | – (0–61) | Moderate |
| Kota 2019 80 | India | 150 | 16.4 (9.57) | – | Moderate |
| VLQI | |||||
| Senol 2013 97 | Turkey | 183 | 44.0 (12.1) | 43.0 (IQR, 35.0–52.0) | – |
CDLQI, Children’s Dermatology Life Quality Index; DLQI, Dermatology Life Quality Index; FDLQI, Family Dermatology Life Quality Index; IQR, interquartile range; QoL, quality of life; VIS, Vitiligo Impact Scale; VitiQoL, Vitiligo‐specific Quality of Life; VLQI, Vitiligo Life Quality Index.
*
Interpretation of total scores based on mean. If mean was not available, median was used for interpretation.
†
DLQI/CDLQI/FDLQI total score interpretation: 0–1, no effect at all on patient’s life; 2–5, small effect on patient’s life; 6–10, moderate effect on patient’s life; 11–20, very large effect on patient’s life; 21–30, extremely large effect on patient’s life.
‡
Skindex total score interpretation: ≤5, very little effect; 6–17, mild effect; 18–36, moderate effect; ≥37, severe effect.
§
VitiQoL total score interpretation: 0–5, no effect; 6–20, mild effect; 21–38, moderate effect; ≥39, severe effect.
¶
VIS‐22 total score interpretation: 0–5, no effect; 6–15, mild effect; 16–25, moderate effect; 26–40, large effect; and 41–66, very large effect.