Table 3.

Multilevel models predicting student emotions with teacher closeness.

	Enjoyment	Pride	Relaxation	Boredom	Anger	Anxiety	Relief	Disappointment	Shame
Fixed effects
Intercept	3.34 (.08)**	3.78 (.08)**	3.97 (.02)**	3.08 (.05)**	1.69 (.05)**	1.59 (.05)**	3.09 (.08)**	1.63 (.06)**	1.72 (.05)**
Closeness (gmc)	1.54 (.20)**	.55 (.18)**	1.12 (.12)**	−1.80 (.22)*	−1.19 (.11)*	−0.40 (.10)	−1.76 (.19)**	−0.33 (.13)*	−0.34 (.11)**
Effort a	0.22 (.20)	0.25 (.18)	−0.03 (.12)	−0.12 (.21)	−0.05 (.11)	0.08 (.10)	−0.15 (.19)	−0.08 (.13)	−0.07 (.11)
Student gender	−0.16 (.04)**	−0.11 (.04)*	−0.10 (.04)**	−0.03 (.04)	−0.06 (.03)	0.01 (.03)	−0.11 (.05)*	−0.08 (.03)*	−0.14 (.03)**
Closeness (cmc)	1.58 (.10)**	.84 (.10)**	1.46 (.09)**	−1.67 (.11)**	−1.53 (.09)**	−0.83 (.08)**	−1.45 (.11)**	−0.62 (.08)**	−0.64 (.08)**
Effort*Closeness	−0.60 (.47)	−0.89 (.49)	−0.82 (.44)	1.09 (.54)*	1.41 (.42)**	1.07 (.38)**	1.29 (.52)*	1.19 (.37)**	1.19 (.36)**
Random effects
L2 (Intercept)	.09	.06	.02	.11	.02	.01	.08	.03	.02
Pseudo R2	52%	14%	71%	54%	71%	50%	60%	0%	0%
L1 (Residual)	.65	.71	.47	.68	.39	.41	.76	.42	.36
Pseudo R2	15%	7%	20%	17%	25%	9%	13%	9%	8%
Random slope	<.01	<.01	.09	.18	.13	.02	.05	<.01	.03

Standard errors are within brackets. Effort represents the intra‐individual cross‐correlation between teacher heart rate and teacher closeness as externally observed. Effort*Closeness represents the cross‐level interaction between cluster mean centred student perception of closeness and the teacher level cross‐correlation between physiological effort and observed teacher closeness.

^*p < .05; **p < .01.

^a Effort represents the intra‐individual teacher correlation between moment‐to‐moment observed closeness and teacher heart rate.