Table 2.
Unstandardized estimates of change in mental health over time for adolescents with or without NDDs
| Depression symptoms | Positive mental wellbeing | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non‐NDD | NDD | Non‐NDD | NDD | |||||||||
| Estimate | p | d | Estimate | p | d | Estimate | p | d | Estimate | p | d | |
| Time | ||||||||||||
| Pre‐COVID | (ref) | – | – | (ref) | – | – | (ref) | – | – | (ref) | – | – |
| Schools closed | 0.93 | .342 | .05 | 0.59 | .506 | .02 | –0.06 | .246 | .03 | –0.07 | .116 | .10 |
| Schools reopened | 2.12 | .009 | .13 | 0.23 | .778 | .03 | –0.12 | .005 | .18 | 0.03 | .523 | .05 |
| Externalizing symptoms | Internalizing symptoms | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non‐NDD | NDD | Non‐NDD | NDD | |||||||||
| Estimate | p | d | Estimate | p | d | Estimate | p | d | Estimate | p | d | |
| Time | ||||||||||||
| Pre‐COVID | (ref) | – | – | (ref) | – | – | (ref) | – | – | (ref) | – | – |
| Schools closed | 0.19 | .472 | .06 | −0.03 | .922 | .04 | 0.31 | .232 | .04 | 0.10 | .708 | .02 |
| Schools reopened | 0.71 | .001 | .10 | −0.22 | .317 | .11 | 0.25 | .236 | .06 | 0.02 | .950 | .02 |
d = Cohen’s d comparing magnitude of change at schools closed and schools reopened compared to pre‐COVID. Boldfaced p‐values indicate statistically significant associations when accounting for multiple testing.