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. 2022 May 11;27(4):1241–1274. doi: 10.1111/bjhp.12597
Theme header Patient (P) or HCP Sub‐theme label Agreement rating
Burden P Transfusions are inconvenient Agreement with ‘Anticipated attendance burden for patients’
P Attendance not a great burden Disagreement
HCP Anticipated attendance burden for patients
Burden P Transfusion part of routine life Agreement with ‘Transfusion has become a part of patient's routine life’
P Life restrictions, travel Disagreement
HCP Transfusion has become a part of patient's routine life
Distinguishing blood products P Knowledge gaps for platelets Silent
Distinguishing blood products P Positive perception of platelets Silent
Distinguishing blood products P Distinction of irradiated blood Silent
Social connection+Decision‐ making P Patient involvement generally positive Partial agreement with ‘HCP advocates and involves patients in decisions’
P Transfusion offered with patient involvement in choice Partial agreement
HCP HCP advocates and involves patients in decisions
Social connection P Interaction with other patients Silent
Social Connection P Lack of interaction or activity during transfusions Silent
Social Connection P Curiosity and appreciation for blood donors Silent
Social Connection P Support from family or primary care HCPs Silent
Supportive relationships HCP HCPs approachable and bond with patients Silent
Supportive relationships HCP Efforts to increase patient comfort in unit Silent
Organisational Constraints HCP Solutions needed to improve processes and ease capacity strain Silent
Organisational Constraints HCP Constraints to greater discussion of patients’ views Silent
Organisational Constraints HCP Solutions needed to enhance patient‐HCP and team communication Silent
Organisational Constraints HCP High and costly blood use for hospital Silent
Organisational Constraints HCP Complicated management of transfusion slots Silent
Stability and variability of transfusion perceptions HCP Views on transfusion broadened through haematology exposure Silent
Stability and variability of perceptions HCP Views consistent and similar to colleagues Silent
Stability and variability of perceptions HCP Patients’ transfusion perceptions variable Silent
Awareness of risk/Safety P Discomfort and illness during or post‐transfusion Agreement with ‘Short and long term medical and psychological impact
P No experienced negative consequences Disagreement
HCP Short and long term medical and psychological impact
Awareness of risk/Safety P Health risks from high iron levels Agreement
HCP Iron overload considered a key risk
Awareness of risk/Safety P Potential infection or reaction risk Agreement
HCP Infections, antibodies and reactions risks
Awareness of risk/Safety +Involvement in decision‐making P Caution needed, blood should be used appropriately Agreement
HCP Transfusions prescribed appropriately using guidelines
Awareness of risk/Safety HCP Risks mitigated by safe transfusion practices Silent
Awareness of risk/Safety HCP Risks and benefits established with patients Silent
Awareness of risk/Safety HCP Risk of not providing a transfusion Silent
Necessity P Transfusions used as a current and long‐term supportive treatment Partial agreement
HCP Transfusions support chemotherapy or used to treat anaemia
Necessity P Transfusion prolonging life and aiding survival Agreement
HCP Transfusions are vital, aiding survival
HCP Transfusions given to protect health Agreement with ‘Transfusion prolonging life and aiding survival
Necessity P Need for transfusion apparent through symptoms Partial agreement
HCP Patient reliance and expressed need for transfusion
Necessity P Speculation and doubt over pending transfusion prescription Silent
Necessity +Involvement in decision‐making P Need established by HCPs and clinical indicators Agreement
HCP Team decision on transfusions prescription
HCP Necessity of transfusion established in balance with clinical and patient factors Agreement with ‘Need established by HCPs and clinical indicators
Health benefits P Keep going with daily life Agreement
HCP Supportive care to carry on with normal daily living
Health benefits P Boosting blood levels Partial agreement with ‘Symptom improvement, making patients feel better’
P Relief of symptoms such as tiredness Agreement
HCP Symptom improvement, making patients feel better
Health benefits P Can take time to feel benefit of transfusion Agreement
HCP Benefits last a limited time only
Health benefits P Anticipated benefits Silent
Health benefits P Patient convinced of benefit by significant others Silent
Health benefits HCP Shared HCP agreement of transfusion benefits Silent
Health benefits HCP Some risk‐benefit for patients questionable Silent
Negative emotions P No concerns or worries with transfusions Agreement with ‘Patients perceiving transfusion positively, as a lifeline
P Gratitude that transfusions possible Agreement
HCP Patients perceiving transfusion positively, as a lifeline
Negative emotions P Receiving transfusions unpleasant Agreement with ‘Patient anxiety and upset with receiving regular transfusions’
P Relaxed during transfusion appointments Disagreement with ‘Patient anxiety and upset with receiving regular transfusions
P Concern of transfusion dependency Agreement
HCP Patient anxiety and upset with receiving regular transfusions
Negative emotions P Positive emotions of not needing transfusion Silent
Negative emotions P Attempts to manage worries and fear Silent
Negative emotions P Perception that doctors dislike prescribing transfusions Partial agreement
HCP Concern about downsides of transfusions for patients
Negative emotions HCP Patients’ unexpressed potential negative emotions Silent
Negative emotions HCP Practice concerns and frustrations Silent
Negative emotions HCP HCPs’ strategies to reduce patient anxiety Silent
Negative emotions HCP Upset in witnessing patients’ worsening health or death Silent
Alternatives P Alternatives considered or already in use Agreement
HCP Alternatives considered or already in use
Alternatives +Involvement in decision‐making P No alternatives, transfusion the only option Agreement with ‘No alternatives, transfusion the only option
P Confronted with limited or no choice Agreement
HCP No alternatives, transfusion the only option
Alternatives P Patient preference for alternatives Agreement
HCP Support for greater consideration and use of alternatives
Alternatives P Patient's body can correct depleted cells Silent
Alternatives HCP Committed to giving regular transfusions once started Silent
Involvement in decision‐making +Necessity + Health benefits P Willing acceptance of transfusions Agreement
HCP Patient autonomy in their own transfusion decisions
HCP Patient reliance and expressed need for transfusion Agreement with ‘Willing acceptance of transfusions’
HCP Patient questioned on health benefits to provide/continue transfusions* Partial agreement with ‘Willing acceptance of transfusions’
Involvement in decision‐making P Deferral of decision‐making to HCPs Agreement
HCP Deferral of decision‐making to health professionals
Involvement in decision‐making P Decision‐making discussion positive Silent
Involvement in decision‐making P Routine ‘automatic’ treatment Silent
Involvement in decision‐making P More frequent transfusions would be resisted Silent
Involvement in decision‐making HCP Individual transfusion regime for each patient Silent
Involvement in decision‐making HCP Barriers to discussing transfusion or obtaining consent Silent
Involvement in decision‐making HCP Tendency towards providing transfusion Silent