. 2022 Apr 15;78(11):3629–3640. doi: 10.1111/jan.15253

TABLE 4.

Associations between high energy intake from snacking and non‐optimal macronutrient intake among nurses (N = 120)

	High EI from saturated fat ^a ^, ^b	High EI from sugar ^a ^, ^c
	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)
High EI from snacking ^d ^, ^e ^, ^f
No	Ref.	Ref.
Yes	4.0 (1.4, 10.9) ^**	2.1 (0.8, 5.5)

Abbreviations: EI, energy intake; OR, odds ratio; Ref., reference group.

^{^a}

The percentage of energy intake from saturated fat or sugar was calculated based on the following algorithm: (Energy intake from saturated fat or sugar /Daily estimated energy requirement)*100.

^{^b}

High EI from saturated fat: >10% of daily estimated energy requirement.

^{^c}

High EI from sugar: >10% of daily estimated energy requirement.

^{^d}

The percentage of energy intake from snacking was calculated based on the following algorithm: (Total daily energy intake from foods or SSBs/Daily estimated energy requirement)*100.

^{^e}

High EI from snacking: >27% of daily estimated energy requirement.

^{^f}

Respective models were adjusted by age (in years), shift work schedules (i.e. day, evening, night shifts), and shift patterns (i.e. fixed or rotating shift).

^{^*}

p < .05.

^**

p < .01.

^***

p < .001.

Bold values indicate statistically significant results.