TABLE 1.
Clinical and biochemical characteristics of the patients with NAFLD included in the lipidomic study
| Total | Subtype A | Subtype B | Subtype C | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||||
| n | 1154 | 541 | 305 | 308 | ||
| Age (years) | 50.0 ± 11.9 (1154) | 47.9 ± 12.2 (541) | 52.0 ± 11.3 (305) | 51.7 ± 11.3 (308) | 0.182 | |
| Female (%) | 576 (50%) | 266 (49%) | 151 (49%) | 159 (52%) | 0.778 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 34.6 ± 7.7 (1154) | 36.4 ± 9.0 (541) | 32.7 ± 6.0 (305) | 33.4 ± 5.9 (308) | 0.028 | |
| Biochemistry | ||||||
| TG (mg/dl) | 165.4 ± 106.1 (1109) | 140.6 ± 94.5 (525) | 177.5 ± 86.7 (292) | 197.6 ± 130.2 (292) | 2.84E‐17 | |
| Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 189.3 ± 44.4 (862) | 175.8 ± 41.1 (392) | 188.0 ± 37.3 (226) | 212.3 ± 46.4 (244) | 2.86E‐16 | |
| ALT (U/l) | 56.6 ± 44.9 (1112) | 53.1 ± 45.5 (509) | 56.3 ± 41.4 (297) | 62.6 ± 46.5 (306) | 6.20E‐04 | |
| AST (U/l) | 38.7 ± 28.2 (1113) | 35.2 ± 25.1 (509) | 40.3 ± 29.3 (297) | 43.1 ± 31.3 (307) | 8.00E‐06 | |
| GGT (U/l) | 66.5 ± 95.6 (687) | 60.3 ± 104.5 (328) | 70.5 ± 88.0 (190) | 73.9 ± 85.0 (169) | 2.09E‐04 | |
| HbA1c (%) | 6.5 ± 1.2 (722) | 6.5 ± 1.3 (259) | 6.4 ± 1.0 (220) | 6.5 ± 1.1 (243) | 0.854 | |
| HOMA‐IR | 7.0 ± 7.7 (597) | 6.7 ± 7.9 (204) | 7.1 ± 6.5 (186) | 7.3 ± 8.5 (207) | 0.412 | |
| Albumin (g/dl) | 4.4 ± 0.4 (897) | 4.4 ± 0.4 (379) | 4.5 ± 0.3 (261) | 4.4 ± 0.4 (257) | 3.49E‐04 | |
| INR | 1.0 ± 0.2 (419) | 1.1 ± 0.1 (138) | 1.1 ± 0.3 (146) | 1.0 ± 0.1 (135) | 5.00E‐06 | |
| Medication | ||||||
| Lipid‐lowering medication | N | 685 (79.4%) | 331 (76.3%) | 193 (82.5%) | 161 (82.6%) | 0.076 |
| Y | 178 (20.6%) | 103 (23.7%) | 41 (17.5%) | 34 (17.4%) | ||
| CVD risk (FRS) | ||||||
| Intermediate–high (>10%) | 46 (12.8%) | 28 (12.1%) | 8 (13.1%) | 10 (14.7%) | 0.851 | |
| High (>15%) | 21 (5.8%) | 10 (4.3%) | 6 (9.8%) | 5 (7.4%) | 0.221 | |
| Histology | ||||||
| NASH (%) | 735 (64%) | 359 (66%) | 187 (61%) | 189 (61%) | 0.208 | |
| Steatosis grade (%) | 1 | 48.31% | 44.92% | 52.13% | 46.75% | 0.118 |
| 2 | 31.81% | 34.01% | 30.82% | 29.22% | ||
| 3 | 19.88% | 21.07% | 17.05% | 24.03% | ||
| Inflammation grade (%) | 0 | 12.39% | 13.31% | 12.13% | 11.36% | 0.059 |
| 1 | 46.94% | 50.65% | 46.56% | 41.88% | ||
| 2 | 33.97% | 29.57% | 34.75% | 41.23% | ||
| 3 | 6.68% | 6.47% | 6.56% | 5.52% | ||
| Ballooning grade (%) | 0 | 29.54% | 25.88% | 35.08% | 35.71% | 0.013 |
| 1 | 45.73% | 49.17% | 42.30% | 43.83% | ||
| 2 | 24.71% | 24.95% | 22.62% | 20.45% | ||
| Fibrosis stage (%) | 0 | 25.92% | 26.80% | 29.51% | 28.25% | 0.447 |
| 1 | 35.66% | 38.26% | 37.70% | 37.34% | ||
| 2 | 19.32% | 22.74% | 18.36% | 18.18% | ||
| 3 | 12.88% | 12.20% | 14.43% | 16.23% |
Values for age, BMI, HbA1c, TG, ALT, AST, GGT, HbA1c, HOMA‐IR, albumin, and INR are given as means ± SD. Statistical significance was determined by Chi‐square test for categorical variables and Kruskal‐Wallis H‐test for continuous variables.
Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; CVD, cardiovascular disease; FRS, Framingham risk score; GGT, gamma‐glutamyl transferase; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HOMA‐IR, homeostasis assessment model for insulin resistance; INR, international normalized ratio.