TABLE 2.

Instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), short physical performance battery (SPPB), and handgrip strength at baseline and their mean changes over 12 months in the exercise (n = 61) and usual care (n = 60) groups.

	Baseline		Change from baseline to 12 months a		p c
	Exercise Mean (SD)	Usual care Mean (SD)	Exercise Mean (95% CI) b	Usual care Mean (95% CI)
IADL score	17.1 (4.5)	17.4 (5.1)	3.7 (2.8 to 4.7)	2.0 (1.0 to 3.0)	0.016
SPPB score	3.9 (1.6)	4.2 (1.8)	4.3 (3.6 to 4.9)	2.1 (1.5 to 2.7)	<0.001
Handgrip strength, kg	17.7 (8.9)	20.8 (8.0)	1.2 (0.3 to 2.0)	−1.0 (−1.9 to −0.2)	<0.001

Abbreviations: IADL, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (range 8–31); SPPB, Short Physical Performance Battery (range 1–12).

^a Age‐ and sex‐adjusted mean changes over 12 months.

^b 95% confidence interval.

^c Between‐group difference.